Warm Up

1. Warm Up • “Prejudice and Pride” – by Paula Priamos What was revealed in the exposition? What was the rising action? What was the climax? Was there any falling action? Was there a resolution?

2. Unit Review (!!!)

3. Diction OED definition – n. The manner in which anything is expressed in (spoken or written) words; choice or selection of words and phrases; wording, phrasing; verbal style.

4. Diction Examples Across the meadow I rode. Across the sea of grass I rode.

5. Syntax Syntax is a set of rules in a language. It dictates how words from different parts of speech are put together in order to convey a complete thought.

6. Syntax Examples I rode across the meadow. Across the meadow I rode. Oranges grow in California. Yodaspeak - predicate precedes subject In California grow oranges.

7. Syntax Examples • The tiger ate the man. • The man ate the tiger. • The woman drove the car. • The car drove the woman.

8. Tone Attitude of the writer. (The verbal stance an author holds toward characters, events, or situations reflected in his or her message.) Diction + Syntax = Tone

9. Tone Examples From The Catcher in the Rye – identify the tone in each of the quotes “All morons hate it when you call them a moron.” “If a girl looks swell when she meets you, who gives a damn if she’s late? Nobody.”

10. Tone Examples People always told me be careful what you do Don't go around breaking young girls' hearts And mother always told me be careful who you love And be careful what you do 'cause the lie becomes the truth

11. Tone Examples You got a lotta nerve To say you are my friend When I was down You just stood there grinning You got a lotta nerve To say you got a helping hand to lend You just want to be on The side that’s winning I wish that for just one time You could stand inside my shoes And just for that one moment I could be you Yes, I wish that for just one time You could stand inside my shoes You’d know what a drag it is To see you

12. Theme Theme is a main idea or an underlying meaning of a literary work that may be stated directly or indirectly. Through themes, a writer tries to give his readers an insight into how the world works or how he or she views human life.

13. Theme Exercise Recall the short story we read earlier… What are some possible themes from that story?

14. Characterization Characterization is a literary device that is used step by step in literature to highlight and explain the details about a character in a story. 1. Direct characterization This kind of characterization takes a direct approach towards building the character. It uses another character, narrator or the protagonist himself to tell the readers or audience about the subject.

15. Characterization Direct Characterization tells the audience what the personality of the character is. Example: “The patient boy and quiet girl were both well mannered and did not disobey their mother.” Explanation: The author is directly telling the audience the personality of these two children. The boy is “patient” and the girl is “quiet.”

16. Characterization Indirect Characterization shows things that reveal the personality of a character. There are five different methods of indirect characterization:

17. Symbolism Symbolism is the use of symbols to signify ideas and qualities by giving them symbolic meanings that are different from their literal sense. Generally, it is an object representing another to give it an entirely different meaning that is much deeper and more significant.

18. Symbolism Examples The dove is a symbol of peace. A red rose or red color stands for love or romance. Black typically represents evil or death.

19. Symbolism in Literature All the world’s a stage, And all the men and women merely players; They have their exits and their entrances; And one man in his time plays many parts - from As You Like It

20. Denotation Denotation is generally defined as literal or dictionary meanings of a word in contrast to its connotative or associated meanings.

21. Connotation Connotation refers to a meaning that is implied by a word apart from the thing which it describes explicitly. Words carry cultural and emotional associations. For instance, “Wall Street” literally means a street situated in Lower Manhattan, but connotatively it refers to “wealth” and “power.”

22. Connotation and Denotation Flocabulary – Word Choice

23. Connotations

24. Denotation and Connotation Exercise • I recognized the familiar smell of my roommate's cooking. • negative connotation: stenchpositive connotation: aroma • Spam is an inexpensive meal. • negative connotation: cheappositive connotation: thrifty • Uncle Henry lives in a hut deep in the woods. • negative connotation: shackpositive connotation: cabin

25. Denotation and Connotation Exercise • My parents are committed conservationists. • negative connotation: tree huggerspositive connotation: environmentalists • The teacher was mildly intimidated by Merdine'sassertive behavior. • negative connotation:bossypositive connotation: confident

26. Denotation and Connotation Exercise William wanted to be honest but still impress his girlfriend. So he told her that the fancy necklace he gave her was ____________. (inexpensive/cheap) 2. Ollie ___________ (appreciates/adores) science so much that he can talk about it for hours and hours. 3. Shayla thought her best friend’s cat had lost too much weight. Hoping not to be too negative, Shayla told her that the cat looked ______________ (skinny/gaunt).

27. Denotation and Connotation Exercise 4. The sight of green beans make Ava gag. She __________ (dislikes/loathes) them. 5. Afraid his teacher would scold him in front of the class, Horace made sure he only ___________ (snickered/roared) at his lab partner’s joke. 6. The ad described the house as small and cozy. But when the Davenports pulled into the driveway, they were disappointed at the____________ (residence/shack) which stood before them.

28. Then the 3rd little pig built his house out of bricks. • The 2nd little pig built a house out of sticks, but the wolf blew that one down too. The wolf finally runs out of breath and gives up. He decides to leave the pig alone. • The first little pig built a house out of straw, but the wolf blew it down. Man v. Man The wolf is trying to eat the three little pigs. The little pig continues to live happily ever after in his safe, little home. Three little pigs, living outdoors are building houses to live in. The Three Little Pigs The wolf tries and tries to blow the house down.