WMO: Climate and Water Department

1. WMO Training Workshop on Integrated Flood Management for countries in Western Asia and the Arab region 11-14 May 2009, Esteghlal Hotel, Tehran, Iran Floods and the Development: Towards Integrated Flood Management AVINASH TYAGI Director, Climate and Water WMO: Climate and Water Department www.apfm.info

2. Settling on floodplains poses great risks www.gaestehaus-loreley.de SPIEGEL ONLINE 2004 and at the same time has enormous advantages

3. Flood losses increase, but…

4. Developing Countries are Hit the Hardest

5. 1000 100 70 50 10 Development Stages in Flood Management Non-structural IWRM Structural Community Participation Legal Aspects - time

6. Shortcomings of past FM Practices • Ad-hoc and stand alone • Reactive rather than proactive • Wrongly defined objective Flood policy is a neglected water policy issue on the international as well as, in many cases, the national level • Emphasis on structural measures • Monodisciplinary • Lessons from past failure not learnt

7. Why Integrated Flood Management

8. Sustainable Development Development that "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”  In the flood management context mainly on the viability of floodplain use in the long term

9. Population increase Securing livelihoods Ecosystem Conservation Challenges of Flood Management

10. Climate Variability and Change www.awitness.org Absolute safety from flooding is a myth Changes in the decision making processes cumulus.geol.iastate.edu/ (Community Participation) Challenges of Flood Management

11. Integrated Flood Management • Flood Management in the context of Integrated Water Resources Management, aiming at: • Sustainable development: balancing development needs and flood risks • Maximizing net benefits from floodplains: ensure livelihood security and poverty alleviation thereby addressing vulnerability • Minimizing loss of life: in particular through end-to-end FF&W Systems and preparedness planning for extreme events • Environmental preservation: ecosystem health & services

12. Integrated Flood Management Integrated Flood Management (IFM) refers to the integration of land and water management in a river basin using a combination of measures that focus on coping with floods within a framework of IWRM and adopting risk management principles while recognizing that floods have beneficial impacts and can never be fully controlled.

13. Integrated Flood Management: Maximizing net benefits from floodplains “In the case of floods, the appropriate economic objective is thus to maximize the efficiency of use of the catchment and not to minimize flood losses. It can be easily shown that efficient flood management policy can be accompanied by a rise in both flood losses and the cost of flood management.” • In developing countries with primarily agricultural economies, food security is synonymous of livelihood security. • In developed economies as the flood plains have been exploited, the emphasis is on risk reduction

14. IFM: Integrates……? • Land and Water Management • Upstream and Downstream • Structural and Non-structural • Short term and Long-term • Local and basin level measures • Top down and Bottom up decision making • Development needs with ecologic and economic concerns

15. IFM: Towards a sustainable development • Integrates and mixes strategies • Structural, Non-structural and Living with Floods • Short-term and Long-term • Local and basin level measures • Balances development needs and environmental concerns • Addresses all aspects of Flood Management • Scientific and Engineering • Social Aspects • Environmental Aspects • Economic Aspects • Legal and Institutional Aspects • Adaptive Management

16. What is risk? • Probability x Consequence • Hazard x Exposure x Vulnerability • Example floods: • Hazard: probability of a particular discharge or water level at a particular place • Exposure: Land and assets in the inundation area of that flood • Vulnerability: ability/disability of the people or assets to withstand, cope with or recover from the negative effects of that flood

17. How vulnerability and flood risk Source: Kundzewicz & Schellnhuber, 2004

18. Framework for Risk Management Governance and Organizational Coordination and Cooperation Risk Identification and Assessment Risk Reduction (Prevention & Mitigation) Risk Transfer Sectoral planning Early warning systems Emergency preparedness & planning Catastrophe insurance/bond markets Alternative risk transfer Historical hazard data, analysis and changing hazard trends Exposed assets & vulnerability Risk quantification Information and Knowledge SharingEducation and training

19. Requirements of IFM • Clear and objective policies • Comprehensive assessment and understanding of development opportunities and flood risks; • Multi-sectoral approach to reach the objectives; • Appropriate legislation and regulations; and • Innovative economic instruments. with a multidisciplinary approach • Appropriate Institutional structures for proper coordination and linkages; • Enabling participatory processes; and • Information management and exchange mechanisms.

20. Integrated Flood Management: Objectives • Sustainable development:balancing development needs and flood risks • Maximizing net benefits:ensure livelihood security, poverty alleviation and managing vulnerability • Minimizing loss of life • Environmental preservation

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