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Jon Bannister Simon Mackenzie SCCJR, Crime and Communities network

From crime in the community to community crime control: New directions in criminological theory and crime management. Jon Bannister Simon Mackenzie SCCJR, Crime and Communities network. The Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research.

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Jon Bannister Simon Mackenzie SCCJR, Crime and Communities network

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  1. From crime in the community to community crime control: New directions in criminological theory and crime management Jon Bannister Simon Mackenzie SCCJR, Crime and Communities network

  2. The Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research • A partnership forged between Glasgow, Stirling, Edinburgh and Glasgow Caledonian Universities in alliance with Aberdeen, Dundee, Strathclyde and St Andrew’s Universities

  3. SCCJR • Resources • Research themes • Civic criminology

  4. Crime and Communities • Community as offender, victim, cause and solution • (In)civility: the anti-social and the pro-social • Community safety and community crime control: practical solutions

  5. Crime in the community: new directions in criminological theoryTolerance and Anti-Social Behaviour Jon Bannister

  6. Tolerance • Tolerance as a deliberative, moral and/or practical choice • Tolerance as a British virtue and value? • Tolerance as a legacy of New Labour?

  7. Intolerance • Evidence of rising intolerance (perceived and real): anti-social behaviour, disorder and conflict • Falling thresholds of tolerance?

  8. The Forces Shaping Tolerance • A culture of individualism • Economic insecurity • Pluralism (globalisation and migration)

  9. Policies Shaping Tolerance • The urban policy paradox: celebrating difference, purifying space • The absence of space for social encounters (physical and metaphorical)

  10. A Cycle of Intolerance • Sight, sound, stereotype • Lack of evident common values • The ‘other’ as increasingly threatening • ‘Defining down deviance’, collective action and conflict

  11. Community crime control: new directions in crime managementCommunity and Reciprocity Simon Mackenzie

  12. An action scale of contribution Enforcement (e.g. bystander intervention) Performance (e.g. acting civil) Civility as a public good A B C D Civility E F G H Civility as contribution

  13. Self-interest vs Reciprocity People are fundamentally self-interested, aren’t they? No. self--------------strong----------------total co-op/ interest reciprocity altruism

  14. Reciprocity: definitions Reciprocity is the propensity to reward kind and punish unkind behaviour of others. Strong reciprocity is a predisposition to co-operate with others, and to punish (at personal cost, if necessary) those who violate the norms of co-operation, even where it is implausible to expect that these costs will be recovered at a later date. Strong reciprocators are conditional co-operators and altruistic punishers.

  15. Practical implications of these models • Development of mutual trust, norms of fairness and cooperation • Visibility: Strategies needed to intensify contact and communication among potential cooperators • Ownership: a significant stake in the public good created • Esteem: reciprocity theory prioritises the desire for social esteem in the individual as a motivator for upholding one’s side of reciprocal bargains.

  16. Community policing rather than community policing • CAPS • Advisory councils and beat officers • Operation Beat Feet; March for Peace; Good Guys Loitering • Citizen evidence gathering and private shaming

  17. www.sccjr.ac.uk s.mackenzie@lbss.gla.ac.uk j.bannister@socsci.gla.ac.uk

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