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« Milk and honey are sweetness  » Gilbert Durand

« Milk and honey are sweetness  » Gilbert Durand. Let’s see how milk is seen in mythology : -In ancient Egypt, milk was the gift of the goddess Isis to the men of the Nile Valley. -God promised Moses to lead his people “to a land flowing with milk and honey”.

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« Milk and honey are sweetness  » Gilbert Durand

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  1. « Milk and honey are sweetness » Gilbert Durand

  2. Let’ssee how milkisseen in mythology: -In ancient Egypt, milk was the gift of the goddess Isis to the men of the Nile Valley. -God promised Moses to lead his people “to a land flowing with milk and honey”. -It is said that Heracles had thrown himself with such a thirst on the breast of Hera, that a splash of milk came out and formed the Milky Way. -For Hindus, the world was created from the churning of the ocean of milk. -Breastfeeding is very present in mythology. Zeus was nursed by the goat Amalthea, and the two founders of Rome, Romulus and Remus were fed by a wolf.

  3. But whatismilk in fact and whatisit made of? Milk is a biologicalfluidusuallywitishlycoloredproduced by femalemammals. Lactation (ability to producemilk) is a propertypossessedonly by mammals. The primaryfunction of milkis to feedoffspringsuntiltheygetweaned (able to digest otherfoods, milkis a foodthatisveryeasilydigested) and to support themduring the first days of their life thanks to it’sextremely high nutritive properties. Now, let’s go furtherinto the understanding of milk composition. Goat’smilkdensity varies between 1.027g/L and 1.035g/L. Goat’smilk has a pH slightlyacidthat varies between 6.4 and 6.8, this is due to a greater presence of hydroxyl groups than amino groups in the milk. It’s biological composition can be separated in two big parts: the liquid part (87%) and the solid part (13%).

  4. But how isproducedthiswonderfulbeverage? First, let’s explore the amazing world of control networks in the goat’s body. Four elementsin the goatcontrol and allowit’smilk production: the pituitary gland, the adrenal glands, the thyroidgland and the foetus & the sexualorganswhenthe goatispregnant. But the nervous system and the bloodsupply are essential to operate all the process. The pituitary gland: isdivided in two parts, the posterior lobe, that stores hormones produced by the brainand the releases them and the atenrior lobe, thatproducesit’sown hormones. STH (Somatotropic Hormone): It causes the growth of all body cells (includingalveoli) and has a direct effect on the initiation of lactation. ADH (antidiuretic hormone): helps the kidneys to return water to the organism. This is important in lactation to preserve water for milk production. TSH (Thyroidstimulating hormone):acts on the tyroid gland to produce thyroxine. It influences lactation duration. Octocin: il acts on the muscle cels of the alveoli (wheremilkisproduced) causingthem to contract to push milkinto the ducts. Prolactin: necessary for the launching of lactation. ACTH (Adrenocorticotropin): Stimulates the adrenal gland to produce cortical hormones. ACTH production isstimulated by sucking reflex. FSH (Folliclestimulating hormone): acts on the ovaries to produceestrogenwichisnecessary for alveoligrowth and it’sduct system. LTH (Luteotropic Hormone): has a direct influence on mammary gland growth, the initiation of lactation and the maintenance of milksecretion. LH (Luteinizing hormone): itstimulatesovaries to produceestrogenand progesteronewichcontribute to the developement of mammary glands.

  5. The tyroid gland: it has two lobes ateachside of the trachea. It isstimulated by the TSH seenbefore. THC comingfrom the pituitary gland Production of thyroid hormones, very important to maintain lactation.

  6. The adrenal glands: theyproduce hormones essential to life process and are locatedat the back of the goatnear to the spine. ACTH produced by the pituitary gland following a sucking stimulus. Production of cortical hormones, necessary for milksecretion. • But weshould’ntforgetthatother parts of the body are required to complete the process: • Duringpregnancy, the fœtus producesestrogen and the ovaryprogesterone, in consequence, mammary tissues grow. Whenprogesterone and estrogenlevels are high, the brainproduces PIF ( prolactininhibitory factor) thatinhibits the pituitary gland to release prolactin, thereis no lactation. When the mothergivesbirth, herprogesterone and estrogenlevels drop, PIF stops beingproduced ans prolactinisreleased, lactation canbegin. • The nervous system allows the releasing of some hormones by sucking stimulation. • Of cource, no hormone transmission without the bloodsupply system that carry hormones all over the body but thatalso carry somenutrients to the mammary glands to allow lactation.

  7. The fœtus & the sexualorgans: This are twovery important sources of hormones that permit to regulategoat’smilkproductingperiod. The fœtus producesestrogen and the ovaryproducesprogesterone. The mamary tissue grows but lactation isinhibited. When the goatgivesbirth, the estrogen and progesteronelevels drop. The pituitary gland releases prolactinthatwill provoque lactation.

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