25:1 Mobilizing for Defense “ Remember Pearl Harbor”

25:1 Mobilizing for Defense“Remember Pearl Harbor”

Selective Service GI • 5 million volunteered after Pearl Harbor • 10 million were drafted • GIs

Women’s Auxiliary Army CorpsWAAC 1942 • George Marshall • Noncombat positions • “auxiliary status” allowed for fewer benefits • 1943-full salary and benefits

Minority Service • Dilemma • Mexican-high casualty rate • African-segregated, noncombat • Asian-spies • Native Americans

Factory production • Peace to wartime production • Shipyards and liberty ships

Hull 440 • 4 days • fabrication

Labor and Industrial Needs • 18 million working • 6 million women • Cheaper 60% • 2 million minorities

A. Philip Randolph’sMarch on Washington • Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters • Protest discrimination in industry and military • FDR executive order • March cancelled

Office of Scientific Research and DevelopmentOSRD • Radar, sonar • DDT • Penicillin • Atomic bomb

Manhattan Project • Atomic Bomb • Robert J. Oppenheimer • Albert Einstein

Office of Price AdministrationOPA • Fought inflation by freezing prices • Raised income taxes to help with inflation • War bonds

Wartime Conservation • Carpooling • Ride bikes • Recycling drives • Rationing: meat, sugar, coffee, gas

War Productions BoardWPB • Regulated peace to war production • Raw materials • recycling

Rationing • Ration books/coupons

25:2 War for Europe and North Africa “Now that we are, as you say, ‘in the same boat’, would it not be wise for us to have another conference…and the sooner the better.” “It is fun to be in the same decade with you”

Battle of the Atlantic • Wolf packs patrol Atlantic • Prevent food/war materials from reaching GB and USSR

Convoy system • Convoy System • Radar/sonar • Sank U-Boats faster than Germany could build

Liberty Ships • Single design cargo ships • 1 of 2 surviving from WWII

Germany invades USSR 1941 • 1941 Winter halts attack on Moscow • 1942 Targets: Caucuses/Stalingrad/Volga

Bombing of Stalingrad • Nightly bombings • “No surrender” • Civilians • Hand to hand combat • Here comes 1942 winter

Soviets counter attack at Stalingrad • Winter!! • Stalin encircles Hitler’s 6th • Turning point • casualties

Operation Torch 1942 • North Africa • Dwight Eisenhower • Edwin Rommel-Desert Fox • Hitler’s AfrikaKorps

Casablanca • FDR/Churchill • Unconditional surrender • Churchill- Attack “soft underbelly of Europe”

Italian Campaign 1943 • Partisan support • Military build up in GB • Mussolini imprisoned

1943 Fall of Sicily • Mussolini imprisoned • Hitler busted him out and returned him to power

1943 Bloody Anzio • Rome • 4 months • 25,000 allies • 30,000 axis

Mussolini’s demise

Tuskegee Airmen • All black 99th pursuit squadron • Two distinguished unit citation

D-Day • Operation Overlord • June 6, 1944

Deception Campaign

Rommel’s Atlantic Wall • German fortifications along French coast • Deception campaign

Normandy Invasion • Personnel • Beaches • Resistance • Largest air, land, sea operation in history

General George Patton • “Dear Ike, today I spat in the Seine” • U.S. 3rd Army liberates Paris 1944

Battle of the Bulge • Goal of Germany • Last major German Offensive • 1 month to reclaim territory • casualties

Fall of Berlin April-May 1945 • Extremely violent • Soviets 82,000 v. German 456,000 • Germans want to surrender to GB and US • Soviets Liberate death camps

Hitler’s Suicide • Eva Braun

VE Day • May 8, 1945 • Ike accepts the Unconditional Surrender of the Third Reich

25:1 Mobilizing for Defense “ Remember Pearl Harbor”