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Chapter 9. Morphological Image Processing

Chapter 9. Morphological Image Processing. Introduction. Morphology : a branch of biology that deals with the form and structure of animals and plants

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Chapter 9. Morphological Image Processing

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  1. Chapter 9. Morphological Image Processing Introduction Morphology: a branch of biology that deals with the form and structure of animals and plants Morphological image processing is used to extract image components for representation and description of region shape, such as boundaries, skeletons, and the convex hull

  2. Preliminaries (1) • Reflection • Translation

  3. Example: Reflection and Translation

  4. Preliminaries (2) • Structure elements (SE) Small sets or sub-images used to probe an image under study for properties of interest origin

  5. Examples: Structuring Elements Accommodate the entire structuring elements when its origin is on the border of the original set A Origin of B visits every element of A At each location of the origin of B, if B is completely contained in A, then the location is a member of the new set, otherwise it is not a member of the new set.

  6. Erosion

  7. Example of Erosion (1)

  8. Example of Erosion (2)

  9. Dilation

  10. Examples of Dilation (1)

  11. Examples of Dilation (2)

  12. Erosion and dilation are duals of each other with respect to set complementation and reflection Duality

  13. Erosion and dilation are duals of each other with respect to set complementation and reflection Duality

  14. Erosion and dilation are duals of each other with respect to set complementation and reflection Duality

  15. Opening generally smoothes the contour of an object, breaks narrow isthmuses, and eliminates thin protrusions Closing tends to smooth sections of contours but it generates fuses narrow breaks and long thin gulfs, eliminates small holes, and fills gaps in the contour Opening and Closing

  16. Opening and Closing

  17. Opening

  18. Example: Opening

  19. Example: Closing

  20. Opening and closing are duals of each other with respect to set complementation and reflection Duality of Opening and Closing

  21. Properties of Opening Properties of Closing The Properties of Opening and Closing

  22. The Hit-or-Miss Transformation

  23. Boundary Extraction The boundary of a set A, can be obtained by first eroding A by B and then performing the set difference between A and its erosion. Some Basic Morphological Algorithms (1)

  24. Example 1

  25. Example 2

  26. Gray-Scale Morphology

  27. Gray-Scale Morphology: Erosion and Dilation by Flat Structuring

  28. Gray-Scale Morphology: Erosion and Dilation by Nonflat Structuring

  29. Duality: Erosion and Dilation

  30. Opening and Closing

  31. Properties of Gray-scale Opening

  32. Properties of Gray-scale Closing

  33. Opening suppresses bright details smaller than the specified SE, and closing suppresses dark details. Opening and closing are used often in combination as morphological filters for image smoothing and noise removal. Morphological Smoothing

  34. Morphological Smoothing

  35. Dilation and erosion can be used in combination with image subtraction to obtain the morphological gradient of an image, denoted by g, The edges are enhanced and the contribution of the homogeneous areas are suppressed, thus producing a “derivative-like” (gradient) effect. Morphological Gradient

  36. Morphological Gradient

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