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District and County Safety Plans

District and County Safety Plans. Brad Estochen State Traffic Safety Engineer Minnesota Department of Transportation. Outline. Safety, Crashes, MnDOT approach to Safety MnDOTs Risk Assessment Process Intersections Curves Segments

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District and County Safety Plans

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  1. District and County Safety Plans Brad Estochen State Traffic Safety Engineer Minnesota Department of Transportation

  2. Outline • Safety, Crashes, MnDOT approach to Safety • MnDOTs Risk Assessment Process • Intersections • Curves • Segments • Summary of Projects typical projects developed through safety plans

  3. Crashes • Crashes are the safety performance measure • Historically safety focused on locations with lots of crashes • Black spots • High Crash Rates • SAFETEA-LU (2005) signaled a new direction for traffic safety • Reducing fatal and serious injury crashes

  4. Minnesota’s SHSP Funds available for local roads (HSIP, HRRR, …) Funding levels varied by ATP Application required to receive funding Priority on proactive (systemic) projects

  5. MnDOT TZD Initiative • www.minnesota tzd.org

  6. Safety Prioritization • Fatal and Serious Injury crashes – primary focus • Reduction – try to reduce crashes in locations experiencing crashes • Prevention – prevent crashes from occurring • TZD mission: To create a culture for which traffic fatalities and serious injuries are no longer acceptable through the integrated application of education, engineering, enforcement, and emergency medical and trauma services. • Reducing other crashes – secondary focus

  7. Traffic Fatalities

  8. Strategic Highway Safety Plan • MnDOTs framework for evaluating and selecting safety programs based on the ability to reduce fatal and serious injury crashes • Leverages AASHTO emphasis areas • Drivers • Licensed, aggressive, impaired, belted, • Special Users • Pedestrians, bicyclists, • Vehicles • Trucks, motorcycles, passenger car safety systems • Roadways • Intersections, road/lane departure, safe work zones

  9. Strategic Highway Safety Plan • Critical Emphasis Areas • Seat Belt Use – 52% • Impaired Driving – 36% • Intersection crashes – 33% • Road Departure – 32% • Aggressive Driving – 28% • Young Drivers – 24% • Head-on Crashes – 20%

  10. Source: MnCMAT Crash Data, 2006-2010 Severe is fatal and serious injury crashes (K+A). Greater Minnesota Crash Data Overview 5 Year Crashes 156,182 4,902 -ATP’s 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8 – NO Metro Example All – % Severe – % CSAH/CR 36,716 – 24% 1,963 – 40% State System 70,808 – 45% 2,000 – 41% City, Twnshp, Other 48,658 – 31% 939 – 19% Urban 14,086 – 38% 337 – 17% Rural 22,630 – 62% 1,626 – 83% Not Animal 18,616 – 82% 1,566 – 96% Animal 4,009 – 18% 60 – 4% Unknown/Other 1,577 – 11% 17 – 5% Not Inters-Related 5,177 – 37% 175 – 52% Inters-Related 7,332 – 52% 145 – 43% Unknown/Other 1,276 – 7% 61 – 4% Inters-Related 5,487 – 29% 463 – 30% Not Inters-Related 11,849 – 64% 1,042 –66% Run Off Road – 1,202 (23%), 69 (39%) Head On – 366 (7%), 27 (15%) “Other” – 540 (10%), 25 (14%) Rear End – 1,336 (26%), 17 (10%) Other/Unknown 2,600 – 47% 228 – 49% Signalized 209 – 4% 4 – 1% All Way Stop 164 – 3% 15 – 3% Thru-Stop 2,511 – 46% 216 – 47% Head On, SS Opp. 751 – 6% 132 – 13% Run off Road 7,891 – 67% 675 – 65% Signalized 2,308 – 31% 32 – 22% All Way Stop 445 – 6% 5 – 3% Thru-Stop 2,697 – 37% 65 – 45% Other/Unknown 1,881 – 26% 43 – 30% Run Off Road – 999 (38%), 95 (42%) Right Angle – 268 (10%), 39 (17%) “Other” – 303 (12%), 29 (13%) Head On – 112 (4%), 21 (9%) On Curve 247 – 33% 46 – 35% On Curve 3,222 – 40% 339 – 50% Right Angle – 633 (27%), 15 (47%) Rear End – 799 (35%), 5 (16%) Left Turn – 375 (16%), 5 (16%) Head On – 100 (4%), 4 (13%) Right Angle – 1,268 (47%), 37 (86%) “Other” – 252 (9%), 9 (21%) Left Turn – 268 (10%), 4 (9%) Rear End – 333 (12%), 3 (7%) Right Angle – 849 (34%), 122 (56%) “Other” – 464 (18%), 33 (15%) Run Off Road – 342 (14%), 21 (10%) Left Turn – 184 (7%), 10 (5%)

  11. Fatal and Serious Injury Crashes • Challenge to determine where to focus safety funds • Black spots are infrequent on local/low volume roads • Fatal and Severe injury crashes are random on local/low volume roads County Roads • 2,089 Severe Crashes • 45,000 miles of road • 0.05 severe crashes per mile Trunk Highway • 2,168 Severe Crashes • 12,000 miles of road • 0.18 severe crashes per mile

  12. Safety Plan Genesis • HSIP funds available to local agencies • Projects solicited by ATP (District) • Technical assistance needed to identify safety projects • SHSP has some guidance at local level • Safety Plans produce a mini SHSP at the local level • 87 counties, 8 MnDOT districts

  13. A Systemic Approach • The average county in Minnesota includes: • 500 miles of county highway • 400 horizontal curves • 180 controlled intersections • The key questions: • Is every element of the county system equally at risk? • Where to Start? • A new approach to safety planning Old Approach Crashes = Risk & No Crashes = No Risk New Approach No Crashes ≠ No Risk Use surrogates of crashes (roadway and traffic characteristics) to identify risk and prioritize – the 5  (or 6) Ranking System

  14. Systemic Approach to Safety • Severe Crashes are rare/random • Usually not location specific • Investigated thousands of intersections, curves, miles of roads • No dead man’s curve • No killer corner • Traditional approaches such as crash rates, densities, or severity ratios will not identify infrequent crashes that are spread throughout the network

  15. Systemic Approach • Traditional approaches look for locations that have crashes and investigate the root cause • MnDOT is looking at the predominant type of crashes causing serious injuries or death and then gathering information on where they are occurring. • Leverage AASHTO emphasis areas • Intersections, run off road crashes, unbelted, impaired

  16. ATP 4 & 8 – Safety Emphasis Areas

  17. Sample of Safety Emphasis Areas

  18. Rural Paved Segments • 47 counties in ATP 3, 4, 6 & 8 • 13,813 rural paved miles • Rural Road Departure Crashes • 21,611 total, 1,464 severe, 637 Severe RD • Average Density of Sev RD Crashes= 0.009 crashes/mi/year • Risk Rating Criteria • Density of Road Departure Crashes • Traffic Volume • Curve (Critical Radius) Density • Access Density • Edge Risk Assessment

  19. Segment Traffic Volume  • 600-1,200 ADT was selected to receive a star in ATP 4, 400-1,000 in ATP 8 

  20. Access Density • Previous Minnesota research shows a statistically significant relationship between Access Density and Crash Rates – the greater the number of access points the higher the crash rate on Trunk Highways. • The County Roadway Safety Plans indicates a similar access effect is present along the County Highway system

  21. Edge Risk Assessment 1 – Usable Shoulder, Reasonable Clear Zone   2– No Usable Shoulder, Reasonable Clear Zone 2– Usable Shoulder, Roadside with Fixed Obstacles  3– No Usable Shoulder, Roadside with Fixed Obstacles

  22. Edge Risk Assessment Phase I and II Segments – 13,290 miles, 589 severe RD crashes Rural Segment Prioritization High Priority

  23. Rural Curves • 11,660 total curves in ATP 3, 4, 6 & 8 • 9,592 (82%) curves with no crashes • Crashes • 3,061 total, 326 severe crashes • 4 curves with multiple fatal crashes (5 years) • 33 curves with multiple severe crashes • 0.006 severe crashes/curve/year

  24. Curve-Related Roadway Departure • ATP 4, 61% of roadway departure crashes are curve related (39% in ATP 8) • Are all curves equally at-risk? • No • Risk Rating Criteria: • ADT Range • Radius Range • Severe Crash on curve • Intersection on curve • Visual Trap on curve

  25. Curve Radius • The majority of severe crashes occurred on curves with 500’-1,200’ radii.

  26. Horizontal Curve Risk Rating Criteria High Priority

  27. Sample Curve Prioritization • Complete census of 490 curves • 50 High Priority Curves (10%)

  28. Rural Intersections • 5,725 rural thru/stop (yield) intersections in ATP 3, 4, 6 & 8 • 4,794 total crashes • 373 Severe Crashes • 172 severe right angle • Intersections with Multiple Severe Crashes: 28 (8 had 2 Fatals) • 0.17 crashes/intersection/year • 0.01 severe crashes/intersection/year

  29. Rural Thru STOP Risk Rating Criteria • Geometry • Skewed minor leg approach • Intersection on/near horizontal curve • Volume • Minor ADT/Major ADT ratio • Proximity • Previous STOP sign • Railroad crossing • Intersection Related Crashes • Commercial Development in quadrants    

  30. Rural Thru STOP Risk Rating Criteria • There was a higher severe crash density at intersections where risk factors are present. • Phase I and II intersections - 5,725 intersections included in analysis of each risk factor. Minimum of 150 intersections and 16 severe crashes in each category

  31. Intersection Ranking Phase I and II intersections - 5,520 intersections, 359 severe crashes 6 Intersections, 1 Severe Crash

  32. Project Development – High Priority Segments

  33. Project Development – High Priority Curves

  34. Project Development High Priority Intersections

  35. Proactive Project Summary

  36. Safety Workshop Objective: Multidisciplinary discussion of a short list of safety strategies • Date: December 13 • Location: Otter Tail Government Center • Agenda • 8:30 – Coffee and Registration • 9AM – Introductions • Presentations – Law Enforcement and/or Local Safety Advocates • Background Information/Desired Outcomes • Breakout Sessions – Prioritize Strategies • 12PM – 1PM - Lunch • Report Back/Final Presentation • 2:45 – 3PM - Wrap-up

  37. List of Unsignalized Intersection Strategies

  38. Project Team • MnDOT OTST • MnDOT State Aid for Local Transportation • DPS Office of Traffic Safety • CH2M Hill • SRF • PE Services • URS • $4 million ($45,000/county and district) • 3 year project • Received the 2011 Partners for Roadway Safety Award

  39. Highway Safety in Minnesota • On an average day: • 201 total crashes • 1.1 deaths • 3.5 serious injuries • $4,097,549 estimated cost • Questions?

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