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The Romantic Age, (1815 - 1848): The “Isms” - Europe Ideologically after the Congress of Vienna

The Romantic Age, (1815 - 1848): The “Isms” - Europe Ideologically after the Congress of Vienna. “Romanticism is the expression of man's urge to rise above reason and common sense, just as rationalism is the expression of his urge to rise above theology and emotion .”

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The Romantic Age, (1815 - 1848): The “Isms” - Europe Ideologically after the Congress of Vienna

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  1. The Romantic Age, (1815 - 1848):The “Isms” - Europe Ideologically after the Congress of Vienna “Romanticism is the expression of man's urge to rise above reason and common sense, just as rationalism is the expression of his urge to rise above theology and emotion.” - Charles Yost

  2. Overview Ideas will become more systematic during this period Not just philosophical musings Very organized and competing with other ideas Emergence of the social sciences Ideologies Nationalism Romanticism Classical Liberalism Radicalism, Republicanism, and Socialism Feminism Conservativism Humanitarianism

  3. Nationalism

  4. Nationalism Definition The “nation” is all important, not the ruler Inherently a revolutionary idea, feared by all Artists search for what their “nation” means

  5. Nationalism in Germany Humiliation of French defeats Herder - Volkgeist Reforms in Prussia Baron Stein Hegel Illuminati German Confederation in 1820

  6. Nationalism in Italy Giuseppe Mazzini Italy in 1859

  7. Romanticism

  8. Romanticism Love of the unclassifiable Spiritual depth Opposed to the Enlightenment Human emotions are the most important Civilization is corrupting Nature is all powerful Science is dangerous! Industrialization is bad Rural life is good! Nationalism Romantic Novels & Poets Neo-Gothic Architecture Wander Above the Sea of Fog by Caspar David Friedrich

  9. The Dreamer Gaspar David Friedrich, 1835

  10. Tree of CrowsCaspar David Friedrich, 1822

  11. The Wreck of the Hope (aka The Sea of Ice)Caspar David Friedrich, 1821

  12. Winter Landscape with ChurchGaspar David Friedrich, 1811

  13. Eldena RuinGaspar David Friedrich, 1825

  14. Flatford Mill – John Constable, 1817

  15. The Hay Wain - John Constable, 1821

  16. Stonehenge - John Constable, 1836

  17. Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop’s GroundJohn Constable, 1825

  18. Salisbury Cathedral from the MeadowsJohn Constable, 1831

  19. Hadleigh Castle - John Constable, 1829

  20. The Bullfight - Francisco Goya

  21. Rain, Steam, and SpeedJoseph Mallord William Turner, 1844

  22. Rain, Steam, & Speed(details)‏

  23. The Slave ShipJoseph Mallord William Turner, 1842

  24. The Slave Ship(details)‏

  25. Liberty Leading the People Eugène Delacroix, 1830

  26. Napoleonat theSt. BernardPass David,1803

  27. The Shooting of May 3, 1808Francisco Goya, 1815

  28. The Great Red Dragon and the Woman Clothed with the SunWilliam Blake, 1808-1810

  29. God as the Architect - William Blake, 1794

  30. Witches SabbathFrancisco Goya,1798

  31. Saturn DevoursHis SonFrancisco Goya,1819-1823

  32. The Great Age of the Novel • Gothic Novel:Jane Eyre - Charlotte Bronte (1847) Wuthering Heights - Emily Bronte (1847) Historical Novel:Ivanhoe - Sir Walter Scott (1819)Les Miserables - Victor Hugo (1862)The Three Musketeers – Alexander Dumas (1844)‏ Science Fiction Novel:Frankenstein - Mary Shelley (1817) Dracula – Bramm Stoker (1897

  33. George Gordon’s(Lord Byron)Poem ThePrisonerof Chillon

  34. SamuelTaylorColeridge’sPoem, The Rimeof theAncientMariner

  35. British Houses of Parliament1840-1865

  36. The Royal Pavillion at BrightonJohn Nash, 1815-1823

  37. Classical Liberalism Ideas of the business class Beliefs Free press & assembly Tolerant of religion Constitutional monarchy Laissez-faire John Stuart Mill

  38. English Radicalism Return to the roots of society Totally reconstruct society and government Universal male suffrage Jeremy Bentham

  39. Republicanism English Radicalism on the Continent Anti-clerical Fans of the First French Republic – Reign of Terror folks Wanted republics, not monarchs

  40. Socialism Republicanism with an economic edge Economic system too chaotic Must be regulated Anti-laissez faire State sponsored “workshops” - i.e. factories & companies Count de Saint-Simon Robert Owen Louis Blanc Charles Fourier

  41. Feminism Florence Nightengale

  42. Conservatism Gradual Adaptation of society Maintain the status quo No nationalism No republics – monarchies Adhered to by nobility and monarchs Fear of the French Revolution Edmund Burke Prince Klemens von Metternich

  43. Humanitarianism Sense of cruelty inflicted upon others Torture is gone Prisons, asylums, and government agencies improved Enlightenment ideas still strong

  44. Summary Nationalism began to appear Romanticism Rejected Neo-Classicism and the Enlightenment Connected to Nationalism Radicals, Socialists, and Republicans mixed ideas Feminism began Conservatives rejected all of this

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