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Test 4 Review

Test 4 Review. Chemical Reaction . A process by which one or more substances are changed into one or more different substances. Reactants  Products. Symbols. NaHCO 3(s) + HCl ( aq )  NaCl ( aq ) + H2O (l) + CO 2(g) Yield sign (s) Solid (l) Liquid (g) Gas

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Test 4 Review

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  1. Test 4 Review

  2. Chemical Reaction • A process by which one or more substances are changed into one or more different substances. Reactants  Products

  3. Symbols NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) Yield sign (s) Solid (l) Liquid (g) Gas (aq) aqueous (dissolved in water)

  4. Complete the balanced equation • Nitrogen gas and oxygen gas react to produce dinitrogenpentoxide. • 2 N2(g) + 5 O2(g)  2 N2O5

  5. Potassium reacts with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. • 2 K + 2 H2O  2 KOH + H2(g)

  6. 6 Types of Reactions • Synthesis (Combination) • Decomposition • Single Displacement (Single Replacement) • Double Displacement (Double Replacement) • Neutralization • Combustion

  7. Synthesis • Also known as Combination • Two substances (usually elements) comvine to form a new compound. • A + B  AB • 2Ca(s) + O2(g)  2CaO(s)

  8. Decomposition • A compound breaks into its component parts • AB  A + B • 2NaCl  2Na(s) + Cl2(g)

  9. Single Displacement • Also known as Single Replacement • An element replaces an anion or a cation of a compound. • A + BC  B + AC • A + BC  C + BA • Mg(s) + H2SO4(aq)  MgSO4(aq) + H2(g)

  10. Double Displacement • Also known as Double Replacement • Cations from two compounds exchange partners • AB + CD  AD + CB • BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq)  BaSO4(g) 2 NaCl(g)

  11. Neutralization • An acid and a base react to form a salt and water. • Cation from base pairs with anion from acid to form a salt. • Hydroxide from base pairs with hydrogen from acid to form water. • This is also a Double Displacement (Replacement) • HX + YOH  H2O + YX • HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)  H2O(l) + NaCl(aq)

  12. Combustion • Also known as oxidation • Oxygen is a reactant • Products always contain carbon dioxide and water • Typically produces heat • CxHyOz + O2 CO2 + H2O • CH4(g) + 2O2(g)  CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)

  13. Practice problems • Will nickel replace hydrogen from water? • NO • Will lithium replace hydrogen from water? • YES • Will lead replace hydrogen from steam? • NO • Will magnesium replace hydrogen from steam? • YES • Will silver replace hydrogen from acids? • NO • Will sodium react with oxygen to form oxides? • YES

  14. Practice Problem • Will potassium replace zinc within a compound? • YES • Will lead replace aluminum within a compound? • NO • Will gold replace lithium within a compound? • NO • Will iron replace copper within a compound? • YES

  15. Predicting Products • Using what you know about types of reactions and the activity series, you can predict products for a reaction. • Ex: • Li + AgNO3 • Na + MgSO4  LiNO3 + Ag Mg + Na2SO4

  16. More practice • Barium chloride reacts with silver nitrate • Type of reaction: Double Displacement • BaCl2 + Cu(NO3)2 Ba(NO3)2 + CuCl2 • Aluminum oxide decomposes • Type of reaction: Decomposition • Al2O3 Al + O2 • 2 Al2O3 4 Al + 3 O2

  17. Soluble • If compounds are soluble, they have the ability to dissolve. • If they dissolve, they dissociate or “break apart” into their ions. • Ex: • NaCl Na+1 + Cl-1 • BaF2 Ba+2 + 2 F-1

  18. 2 AgNO3 + H2S  Ag2S + 2 HNO3 • Q: How many moles of Ag2S will be produced from 3.5 moles of AgNO3? • What happens if grams is involved? • Use Molar Mass! 1.75 mol Ag2S

  19. Q: How many grams of Ag2S will be produced from 3.5 moles of AgNO3? A balanced chemical equation tells the mole:mole ratio between different compounds in the equation.

  20. Tell-tale sign of Stoichiometry • If you are given information about one substance and asked about a different substance, it is a stoichiometry problem.

  21. Practice • What is the mass of Mg(OH)2 that will react with 1.20g of HCl? Mg(OH)2 + HCl MgCl2 + H2O 2 2 0.956g Mg(OH)2

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