1 / 12

Polio Virus: A Must-Know for FMGE & NEET PG!

Unlock key insights into risk factors, visual clues, clinical importance, and treatment strategies u2014 everything you need to stay one step ahead in the exam and in the clinic!

sahil107
Download Presentation

Polio Virus: A Must-Know for FMGE & NEET PG!

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. NEXTILLO_ #DIBS BY NEXTILLO DAILY INFORMATION BULLETIN SERVICE POLIO VIRUS NEXTILLO.COM

  2. #DIBSBYNEXTILLO DAILY INFORMATION BULLETIN SERVICE INTRODUCTION Polio virus is a highly contagious enterovirus that causes poliomyelitis, an acute viral infection that can lead to asymptomatic infection, mild illness, or paralysis. It primarily affects the nervous system and is transmitted via the fecal-oral route. NEXTILLO.COM NEXTILLO.COM

  3. VISUAL REPRESENTATION NEXTILLO.COM

  4. CLASSIFICATION Family: Picornaviridae Genus: Enterovirus Species: Enterovirus C Serotypes: Type 1 – Most virulent, responsible for most paralytic cases. Type 2 – Eradicated in 2015. Type 3 – Last detected in 2012, likely eradicated. NEXTILLO.COM NEXTILLO.COM

  5. STRUCTURE OF POLIOVIRUS Genome: Single-stranded, positive-sense RNA. Capsid: Non-enveloped, icosahedral protein shell, resistant to stomach acid and detergents. Proteins: VP1, VP2, VP3, VP4: Form the viral capsid. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp): Essential for replication. NEXTILLO.COM NEXTILLO.COM

  6. MODE OF TRANSMISSION Fecal-oral route (contaminated food & water). Direct contact with infected individuals (e.g., poor hygiene). NEXTILLO.COM

  7. PATHOGENESIS The polio virus enters via the mouth and infects the gastrointestinal tract. Primary Replication: The virus multiplies in the oropharyngeal and intestinal mucosa. Viremia (Bloodstream Spread): The virus enters the blood and spreads to other tissues. CNS Invasion: In 1% of cases, the virus crosses the blood-brain barrier and infects motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord and brainstem. Leads to inflammation, neuronal destruction, and paralysis. NEXTILLO.COM

  8. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS Stages of Polio virus Infection Asymptomatic (90-95%) – No symptoms but virus shed in stool. Abortive Poliomyelitis (4-8%) – Mild febrile illness, sore throat, headache, malaise. Non-paralytic Poliomyelitis (~1%) – Aseptic meningitis, neck stiffness, back pain. Paralytic Poliomyelitis (~0.1-0.5%) – Flaccid paralysis due to motor neuron damage. Post-Polio Syndrome (Decades Later) – Progressive muscle weakness in previously infected individuals. NEXTILLO.COM

  9. DIAGNOSIS RT-PCR: Detects viral RNA in stool, throat swabs, or CSF. Viral Culture: Isolation from feces (most sensitive method). CSF Analysis: Elevated WBC, mild protein elevation, normal glucose (suggestive of viral meningitis). Serology: Detects antibodies (limited use in acute diagnosis). NEXTILLO.COM

  10. TREATMENT Supportive Care: Pain management, physical therapy, ventilation (if respiratory muscles affected). NEXTILLO.COM

  11. PREVENTION Polio virus Vaccines Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine (IPV) – Salk Vaccine Injected (IM or SC), contains killed virus. Provides systemic immunity (IgG). Used in most developed countries. Oral Poliovirus Vaccine (OPV) – Sabin Vaccine Live-attenuated virus, taken orally. Provides mucosal (IgA) immunity and herd immunity. Risk of Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus (VDPV). NEXTILLO.COM

  12. MCQ QUESTION A 5-year-old boy from a polio-endemic region presents with sudden onset of asymmetric flaccid paralysis in his right lower limb. He had a mild febrile illness a few days ago. There is no sensory loss, but deep tendon reflexes are absent in the affected limb. CSF analysis shows a mildly elevated WBC count, normal glucose, and mild protein elevation. Which of the following is the most likely site of poliovirus replication leading to paralysis? A) Dorsal root ganglia B) Anterior horn cells of the spinal cord C) Schwann cells of peripheral nerves D) Neuromuscular junction Answer b. NEXTILLO.COM

More Related