HOW TO CONDUCT EFFECTIVE PUBLIC MEETINGS AND HEARINGS IN CALIFORNIA 如何在加利福尼亚进行有效的公众会议和听证会

1. California Environmental Protection Agency 加利福尼亚环境保护局 Air Resources Board 空气资源委员会 HOW TO CONDUCT EFFECTIVE PUBLIC MEETINGS AND HEARINGSIN CALIFORNIA如何在加利福尼亚进行有效的公众会议和听证会 BYEDWARD WONG OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN CALIFORNIA AIR RESOURCES BOARD CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY May 2009加利福尼亚环境保护局加利福尼亚空气资源委员会 监察专员办公室爱德华.王2009年五月

2. OUTLINE概述 • Public Meetings - Informational Workshops (prior to formal public comment period) 公众会议 –提供信息的座谈会(正式公众评论期之前） • How to Prepare for and Conduct Public Hearings 如何准备和进行公众听证会 • 45-day formal public comment period (includes public hearing) 45天正式公众评论期（包括公众听证会） • Planning for public hearings筹划公众听证会 • How to conduct public hearings如何进行公众听证会 • Post-hearing activities听证会后行动 • Common Issues常见问题

3. PUBLIC MEETINGS – INFORMATIONAL WORKSHOPS(prior to formal public comment period)公众会议 - 提供信息的座谈会（正式公众评论期之前）

4. Public meetings in California加利福尼亚的公众会议 • Public meetings are used to: 公众会议用于: • Present information to the public 向公众展示信息 • Provide setting for public discussion 为公众讨论提供场所 • Obtain informal input from stakeholders 从利益相关者处获取非正式建议 • NOT to make a decision 不作决定 • Are held throughout the planning process 整个筹划进程中都有举行公众会议

5. Public workshops公众座谈会 • Public meetings, called “workshops” in CARB practice, are recommended for extensive or complex issues 建议在对广泛或复杂问题时采用公众会议（加空委称之为座谈会） • Held prior to release of the 45-day notice of public hearing and start of the formal public comment period 座谈会在发布45天公众听证会和正式公众评论期之前举行 • May require several to many workshops to reach all stakeholders and clarify issues so rule or policy can be drafted 可能需要数次或多次座谈会以接触所有利益相关者，澄清问题以便开始起草规章或政策

6. Workshop definition座谈会定义 • Workshops are open meetings to inform the public and solicit informal input from the affected public on rules, plans and policies that are in early stage of development 座谈会是在规章、计划和政策制定早期阶段向公众提供信息和非正式向将受影响的公众征求意见的公众会议 • Are informal gatherings, where agency staff presents preliminary proposals and information and asks for comments and questions from those present 是非正式集会，由机构工作人员介绍初步建议和信息，并请与会者评论和提问

7. Workshops are informal座谈会是非正式的 • Discussion is informal, like a conversation to exchange views 讨论为非正式性，如同一次交换意见的谈话 • Workshops are open to anyone; no restrictions 座谈会向所有人开放，毫无限制 • May attend as individual or representative of specific interests 可作为个人或具体利益集团的代表出席 • Notice is given, but no official record made 将发布通知但不作正式记录 • No official hearing officer is required 无须正式听证官员参加

8. What are the benefits of holding workshops?召开座谈会有何益处？ • Avoid surprises during the formal rulemaking process, including the public hearing 避免在包括公众听证会在内的正式规章制定过程中出现意想不到的情况 • Build support through collaboration 通过合作建立支持度 • Build a well-balanced group representing various stakeholders 建立一个代表各种利益相关者的平衡的群组

9. What are the benefits of holding workshops (con’t)?召开座谈会有何益处？（续） • Identify and investigate the scope and extent of technical, economic, and other pertinent issues 确认和调查技术、经济和其它相关问题的广度和范围 • Resolve issues by exploring various options to improve the rules, including suggestions for draft language 通过探索改善规章的各种选择包括对草案措辞提出建议以解决问题 • Learn how other related rules may be impacted from those that may be affected by the proposal 从参与者获悉拟议规章可能对其它相关规章产生的影响

10. Who are workshop participants?座谈会由谁参加？ • Broad and balanced group of stakeholders 广泛与平衡的利益相关者群组 • Anyone may join 任何人均可参加 • Not pre-selected 没有事先挑选 • Media welcome to attend 欢迎媒体参加

11. What is a “stakeholder”?何为“利益相关者”？ • A person or interest group who has a stake in the decision, such as: 将受到决定影响的个人或利益群组，例如： • Businesses 企业 • Trade associations行业协会 • Environmental organizations环保组织 • Consumer and health groups消费者和保健群组 • Education groups教育群组 • Community groups社区群组 • Labor organizations劳工组织 • Other government agencies, etc. 其它政府机构等

12. How to identify and develop a stakeholders group?如何确认和发展一个利益相关者群组？ • Identify through workshop participation 通过参加座谈会确认 • Conduct active searches (industry and technical literature, press, networking, etc.) 积极寻索（行业和技术文件、新闻、人事网络等） • Build and update mailing lists and listservs 建立和更新邮寄名单和邮件列表(LISTSERVs) • Solicit input on an on-going basis不断征求意见 • Provide websites and contact information for public to make contact and through search engines such as Google and Yahoo 向公众提供网站和联系信息使公众得以进行联系或通过诸如谷歌、雅虎等寻索引擎获得信息

13. How do you hold workshops?如何举办座谈会？ • Notice of open public meeting through the press, mailing lists, website, listservs, etc. 通过新闻、邮寄名单、网站、邮件列表(LISTSERVs)等通知召开公众会议 • In various parts of the state, both urban and rural, to reach all interested stakeholders 在全州城乡各地举办座谈会以接触所有感兴趣的利益相关者 • In auditoriums or large rooms at public buildings, hotels, community and commercial facilities, etc. 在公共建筑、旅馆、社区和商业楼宇中的礼堂或大厅举办

14. How do you hold workshops? (con’t)如何举办座谈会？（续） • During regular business hours and some evenings and weekends, if necessary 在正常的上班时间举办，如有必要也可在晚上和周末举办 • Workshop duration of 3 hours or more to cover all topics, issues and concerns 座谈会历时三小时或三小时以上以讨论所有主题、问题和关切事项 • Equipment such as computers, projectors, telephones, microphones, speakers, etc. 需要诸如电脑、投影机、电话、话筒、喇叭等设备

15. What happens at workshops?座谈会有哪些内容？ • Staff introduces themselves工作人员自我介绍 • Staff presents proposed rule being developed 工作人员介绍正在研究起草的拟议规章 • Participants express their ideas and concerns (no time limits) 与会者表达个自想法和关切事项（无时间限制） • Staff and other participants discuss those interactively 工作人员和其他与会者就提出的问题进行互动式讨论 • At end of workshop, staff:座谈会结束时，工作人员∶ • Thanks participants感谢与会者 • Explain how they can stay involved, obtain additional information, etc. 向与会者解释他们如何才能保持参与、获得新信息等

17. Summary of role of public workshops总结公众座谈会的作用 • Identify and investigate the scope and extent of various issues 确认和调查各种问题的广度和范围 • Explore various options 探讨各种选择方案 • Learn how other related rules may be impacted 了解其它相关规章可能受到哪些影响 • Identify stakeholders interested in the issue 确认对此问题感兴趣的利益相关者 • Public input assists in drafting the proposed rule 对起草拟议规章有帮助的公众建议 • Build popular support for the final decision 为最终决定建立群众支持

18. Summary of role of workshops when public hearing will be held总结将进行公众听证会时座谈会的作用 • Better prepare for the hearing 为听证会作更好的准备 • Minimize surprises at the hearing 尽可能减少听证会上出现意外问题 • Resolve all known disputes before the hearing 在听证会前解决所有已知争端 • Permits more efficient use of time at the hearing 使听证会能够更加高效地使用时间

19. HOW TO PREPARE FOR AND CONDUCT PUBLIC HEARINGS如何准备和进行公众听证会

20. 45-DAY FORMAL PUBLIC COMMENT PERIOD (INCLUDES PUBLIC HEARING)45天正式公众评论期（包括公众听证会）

21. What occurs during the 45-day formal public comment period?45天正式公众评论期有何作为 • 45-Day Notice of Public Hearing, Initial Statement of Reasons (ISOR) for the rulemaking, and Proposed Rule are released for public review and comments 公众听证会之前45天发布公众听证会通知，同时公布关于规章制定的《初步理由陈述》和拟议规章草案以供公众审查和评论 • Public Hearing is conducted on the Proposed Rule 就拟议规章进行公众听证会

22. What occurs during the 45-day formal public comment period? (con’t)45天正式公众评论期有何作为（续） • Provides a formal opportunity for the public to read the Notice, ISOR, and Proposed Rule, and submit written and oral comments before and during the hearing 为公众提供一个正式机会以阅读通知、《初步理由陈述》和拟议规章，并在听证会之前和听证会期间提交书面和口头评论 • Oral comments given at the hearing become part of the written transcript 听证会上的口头评论成为书面记录稿的一部分

23. What occurs during the 45-day formal public comment period? (con’t)45天正式公众评论期有何作为（续） • All written and oral comments become part of the public rulemaking record 所有书面和口头评论均成为规章制定的公开档案的一部分 • Hearings normally required by California law if requested by one member of the public 15 days before expiration of comment period 加州法律规定在评论期结束前15天以上有任一公众要求则必须召开听证会 • CARB holds a hearing for every rulemaking 加空委每次制定规章均举行听证会

24. PLANNING FOR PUBLIC HEARINGS筹备公众听证会

25. Where and when should the public hearing be held?公众听证会应在何时何地举行？ • Location and time depends on the agency and type of hearing 时间和地点取决于主管机构和听证会种类 • CARB generally holds hearings at its headquarters, but also at other State buildings, local air district offices, and hotel meeting rooms 加空委一般在其总部举行听证会，但也在其它州政府大楼、地方空气质量管理区办公室和旅馆会议厅举行 • CARB hearings held during regular business hours and for up to two days, if necessary 加空委听证会在正常工作时间内举行，如需要，最多可历时两天