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Advances in Materials for Hydrogen Storage: Challenges and Solutions

Despite significant advancements in the design and modification of materials for hydrogen storage, challenges remain in achieving the desired storage levels to meet Department of Energy (DOE) standards. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown potential but face limitations related to stability and moisture sensitivity. This overview discusses the various types of hydrogen storage materials, including metal hydrides and chemical hydrides, as well as their performance metrics, such as reversible capacities and volumetric density, highlighting the need for continued innovation in this field.

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Advances in Materials for Hydrogen Storage: Challenges and Solutions

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  1. ABSTRACT:In spite of the significant progress in the design and modification of materials for specific applications like hydrogen storage, there are still problems to achieve the desired levels of storage. Many MOFs have been designed and have also been synthesized but they are still not suitable enough or can meet the DOE standards due to moisture sensitive nature and the possibility of stability under other operating parameters

  2. Hydrogen as fuelLower heating value 33.3 kWh/g= 123 MJ/kg (11.1kWh/g gasoline)8 MJ/L where as for gasoline 32 MJ/L2017 DOE target 5.5wt% = 40g/L volumetric capacity

  3. wide range of Hydrogen storage materialsmetal hydridescomplex hydrideschemical hydridescarbohydratesclathratesinorganic nanotutesorganic materislsMOFscarbon materialsLiquid density 70.8 kg/m3 at NTP

  4. Physisorption methodson board reversible hydrides(interstitial, covalent metal hydrides, amides and borohydridesoff board regenerable hydrides( hydrocarbons, ammonia borane, alane)

  5. The highest 99.5 mg/g at 56 bar and 77 K164 mg/g at 77K 70 bar (176mg /g highest reported so far)symbolic many metal framework of Zn(II), Cu(II) Mn(III), Cr(III),La(III)

  6. Design and synthesis of metal organic frameworks for hydrogen storage In high boiling solvents like DMF, DEF (80-1300 C)solvo-thermal, solubility solvent-ligand exchange kinetics, rate of crystallizationcarboxylic acids, hetero-cycles containing nitrogen

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