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PHILIP ACQUAH Director Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Ghana

INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES SECTOR CGE Hands-on Training Workshop on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories for the African Region Pretoria, South Africa 18-22 September 2006. PHILIP ACQUAH Director Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Ghana. SECTION A Re96gl Approach and Steps.

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PHILIP ACQUAH Director Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Ghana

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  1. INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES SECTOR CGE Hands-on Training Workshop on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories for the African RegionPretoria, South Africa18-22 September 2006 PHILIP ACQUAH Director Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Ghana

  2. SECTION A Re96gl Approach and Steps • Definition of IP Sector Activities • Differentiation Non-energy and Energy-related Emissions • IPCC Source and Sub-source Categories or Disaggregation • Estimation Methods • Choice of Methods • Choice of Activity Data • Choice of Default Emission Factors • Tools facilitating Choice of EF and Reporting • IPCC Emission Factor Database (EFDB) • Tools facilitating Reporting

  3. SECTION BGPG 2000 APPROACH AND STEPS • Good Practice Principles • Choice of Methods-Tier structure and selection criteria • GPG 2000 Potential key Sources and Decision Trees

  4. SECTION CReview of Problems Encountered using Re96GL, GPG2000 Options and/or Suggested Approaches • Difficulty in disaggregation of Country relevant Sources • Activity Data (AD) Collection and CBI • Emissions Estimation methods and Reporting • Inappropriateness of Stoichiometric ratios as EFs • Lack of Emission Factors (2) • Lack of AD and EFs

  5. SECTION CReview of Problems Encountered using Re96GL, and Recommendations • Other Specific Issues and • Use of Notation Keys in Reporting Tables 1& 2 • Activity Data (AD) Collection and Reporting • Institutional Arrangements • Recommended capacity building

  6. SECTION DRe96GL source-category specific problems of AD and EF GPG 2000 OPTIONS

  7. SECTION EInventory Quality Improvement and Uncertainty Reduction GPG APPROACH- QA/QC

  8. SECTION AREVISED 1996 IPCC GUIDELINES (Re96GL)INDUSTRIAL PROCESS SECTOR Approach and Steps

  9. Re96GL Approach and StepsDefinition of IP Sector Activities • Non-energy related physical and chemical processes in production activities leading to transformation of raw materials and emissions of GHG (e.g. decomposition reactions)

  10. Re96GL Approach and StepsDefinition of IP Sector Activities • non-energy uses (NEU) of feedstock in process reactions or stage processes that do not only release heat but also act predominantly as reducing agent (e.g. metallurgical coke in the smelting of ores in metal production)

  11. Re96GL Approach and StepsDefinition of IP Sector Activities • Feedstock delivered to petrochemical plants and used for manufacture of other products and not for energy purposes (e.g. use of natural gas or other fossils in the manufacture of ammonia)

  12. Re96GL Approach and StepsDefinition of IP Sector Activities • Production-related emissions NOT classified under IP but under energy sector are GHGs released from fuel combustion of feedstock in production activities as sources of energy/ form of energy ( i.e. heat, process steam or electricity generation).

  13. Re96GL Approach and StepsDifferentiation Non-energy and Energy-related Emissions in Re96GL Vol.3 • Cement production Section 2.3.1 • Lime production , 2.4.1 • Soda ash production and Use 2.6.1 • Ammonia production 2.8.1 and 2.8.2 • Silicon carbide 2.11.1 • Calcium Carbide 2.11.2 • Iron and Steel 2.13.3.2 • Ferro alloys 2.13.5.1 • Aluminum 2.13.5.1

  14. Illustration of non-energy and energy related emissions from Re96GL Vol. 3 (Reference Manual) Differentiation of Non-Energy and Energy Related Emissions in IP sector

  15. Re96GL Approach and StepsIPCC Source and Sub-source Categories or Disaggregation • Tools for classification: • The IPCC inventory software (electronic version of IPCC worksheet) • Emission Factor data Base ‘EFDB

  16. Illustration with EFDB and Software Re96GL Sources and Subsource Categories/Disaggregation

  17. GHGs from IP sector(a) CO2, CH4, N2O,(b) HFCs, PFCs, SF6,(c) SO2,CO, Nox, NMVOCs Relevant Source Categories (ref.Software long summary

  18. Re96GL Approach and StepsGeneral Estimation Methodology • General Equation TOTALij = AD j x EF ij • where: • TOTAL ij = process emission (tonne) of gas i from industrial sector j • AD j = amount of activity or production of process material (Activity Data) in industrial sector j (tonne/yr) • EF ij = emission factor (EF) associated with gas i per unit of activity in industrial sector j (tonne/tonne)

  19. Re96GL Approach and StepsChoice of Methods • For certain industrial processes, more than one estimation methodology is presented. These are: • Simplified approach referred to as Tier 1 • More detailed methodology referred to as Tier 2.

  20. Re96GL Approach and StepsChoice of Methods • Several options are also provided for certain industrial processes under Tier 1, as Tier 1a, 1b, 1c; based on data availability and suitability of methods • Order of preference for Tier 1 methods 1a>1b>1c • Encourages Country-Specific methods, documented and adequately referenced

  21. Re96GL Approach and StepsSample Tiers by Sub-source Categories • 2B1- Ammonia production (CO2) • Tier1a-AD as natural gas consumption (m3) and EF (kgC/m3) • Tier 1b-AD as ammonia production (tonnes) and EF (tonne CO2/tonne NH3) • 2C5-Calcium Carbide Production (CO2) • T1a -Consumption of petroleum coke (tonne) and EF (tonne C/tonne Coke type) • T1b-production of carbide

  22. Re96GL Approach and StepsTiers by Sub-source Categories • 2C-Metal production (Iron and Steel, Al, Ferro-alloys) • Tier 1a-consumption of reducing agent (tonne) and EF (tonne C/tonne reducing agent) • Tier 1b-production of the metal (tonnes) and EF (tonne CO2/tonne metal)

  23. Re96GL Approach and StepsTiers by Sub-source Categories • PFCs from aluminum production • Tier 1a-direct plant emissions data • Tier 1b-estimation based on plant measurements and empirical estimation • Tire 1c-based on aluminum production (tonnes) and default emissions factor (kg/tonne Al)

  24. Re96GL Approach and StepsTiers by Sub-source Categories • 2F- HCFC manufacture (HFC-23 release) • Tier 1- AD (total production (tonnes) and Default EF (% of total production) • Tier2- direct emissions from plant specific measurements using standard methods • 2E-Consumption of ODS substitutes (HFCs, PFCs and SF6) • Tire 1a and Tier b -potential emissions • Tier 2 -actual emissions

  25. Re96GL Approach and StepsChoice of Activity Data • Plant level measurements or direct emissions reports with documented methodologies • Where direct measurements are not available, estimations are based on calculation with plant-specific data

  26. Re96GL Approach and StepsChoice of Activity Data • International data set ( United Nations data sets and Industry associations ) • National data bases where available from appropriate government ministries (e.g. Statistics Services, EPAs) • Standard production statistics from national statistical publications.

  27. Re96GL Approach and StepsChoice of Default Emission Factors • Process reaction-based EFs (Stoichiometric Ratios) • Production-based emission factors • Technology-specific emission Factors • Reported Country/Region-specific plant-level measurements • IPCC Emission Factors Data Base (EFDB), a summary for process reaction-based and technology-based EFs

  28. ILLUSTRATE USE OF EMISSION FACTOR DATABASE (EFDB) FOR IP SECTOR Re96GL Approach and Steps

  29. Comparability of IPCC Technology-based Default EF and good practice Plant-level EF The case of Aluminum production inventory in Ghana

  30. Good practice Activity Data (Plant-level EF based on Tier 1a Method)

  31. Consumption of reducing agent (anode carbon)

  32. Net carbon consumption

  33. Comparability of good practice plant level and IPCC Default

  34. Emissions Estimation and Reporting Use of IPCC Electronic Inventory Software Re96GL Approach and Steps

  35. REPORTING TABLESLong Summary and Short summary(Reference : IPCC Inventory Software)

  36. SECTION BIP SECTORINVENTORIES GPG 2000 APPROACH AND STEPS

  37. GGPG 2000 Approach and StepsGood Practice Principles • To produce inventories, which neither over/under estimate emissions so far as can be judged based on the principle of TCCCA, namely: Transparency; Consistency over time; Completeness, Comparability, Accuracy

  38. GPG 2000 Approach and StepsGood Practice Principles • To use limited resources more efficiently for key sources • To reduce level of Uncertainties • To improve reporting and documentation • To apply quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) and improve transparency

  39. GGPG 2000 Approach and StepsChoice of Methods • Identifies potential IP sector key source categories • Provides Decision Tree analysis for the selected sources • Describes source category-specific good practice methods in adapting Re96GL to country-specific circumstances

  40. GGPG 2000 Approach and StepsChoice of Methods • Defines Tier numbers for alternative names of methods described in Re96GL but are not numbered • Provides good practice guidance for various Tier levels of assessment (Tier 1, 2, 3) for selected source categories

  41. GPG 2000 Approach and StepsGPG 2000 Potential key Sources Identified • 2A1-CO2 Emissions from Cement Production • 2A2-CO2 Emissions from Lime Production • 2C1-CO2 Emissions from the Iron and Steel Industry • 2B3 & 2B4 N2O Emissions from Adipic Acid and Nitric Acid Production • 2C3-PFCs Emissions from Aluminum Production • 2C4-Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) emissions from Magnesium Production • 2E1-HFC-23 Emissions from HCFC-22 Manufacture

  42. GPG 2000 Approach and StepsGPG 2000 Potential key Sources Identified • 2F(1-5)- Emissions from Substitutes for Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS substitutes) from HFCs and PFCs used in refrigeration, air-conditioning, foam blowing, fire extinguishers, aerosols, solvents ) • 2F7-SF6 Emissions from Electrical Equipment • 2F8-SF6 Emissions from Other Sources of SF6 • 2E3-SF6 Emissions from Production of SF6 • 2F6-PFC, HFC, and SF6 Emissions from Semiconductor Manufacturing.

  43. GPG 2000 Approach and StepsDecision Trees, and Selection criteria for Methods and Structured Tier levels

  44. GPG 2000 Approach and Steps Decision Trees, and selection criteria for methods and Tier levels

  45. GPG 2000 Approach and StepsSAMPLE ILLUSTRATIONS OF TIER LEVEL METHODS IN ADAPTING RE96GL BASED ON NATIONALCIRCUMSTANCES Reference Annex 3 Table 3 IP Handbook

  46. SECTION CREVIEW OF PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN USING Re96GL and GPG 2000 OPTIONS

  47. Potential problems in preparing IP Sector Inventory • Difficulty in disaggregation of Country relevant Sources into IPCC categories particularly sub-source categories not listed in Re96GL.

  48. mapping national industry classification with IPCC Source categories

  49. Potential problems in preparing IP Sector InventoryActivity Data (AD) Collection and CBI • Direct reporting of emissions without AD and/or EF to national institutions responsible for data collection because of Confidential Business Information (CBI),

  50. Potential problems in preparing IP Sector InventoryEmissions Estimation methods and Reporting • The reporting of industrial process emissions from non-energy use (NEU) of feedstock produced in combination with fuelcombustion under EnergySector due to the difficulty in differentiation and possible double counting of CO2.

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