EL SUBJUNTIVO

1. EL SUBJUNTIVO P. 94-101, 151, 152, 154

2. ¿QUÉ ES EL SUBJUNTIVO? • Up until now, we have used the INDICATIVE MOOD, which expresses facts and certainty. • The SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD expresses actions that are: • hoped for • desired • wanted • possible, but not certain • doubted

3. WAYS TO REMEMBER WHEN TO USE SUBJUNCTIVE • Doubt, disbelief, denial • Wishes, wants, desires • Emotions • (WEIRD - wish, emotion, influence, request, doubt)

4. EXPRESSIONS OF DOUBT • Dudarque • Esdudosoque • Hay dudaque • No estarseguroque • No creerque • No esciertoque

5. EXPRESSIONS OF WISHES, WANTS, DESIRES • Desear • Querer • Preferir • Mandar • Esperar • Insistir en

6. EXPRESSING EMOTION WITH SUBJUNCTIVE • Alegrarse de que (to be happy that) – Me alegro de que… • Estar content(a) que (to be happy that) • Estartristeque (to be sad that) • Sorprenderque (to be surprised that) • Gustarque (to be pleased that) – Me gustaque… • Esunalástimaque (it’s a shame that) • Temerque (to fear that) • Tenermiedo de que (to be afraid that)

7. IMPERSONAL FRASES USED IN SUBJUNCTIVE(expressing necessity and probability) • Esposibleque • Esimposibleque • Es probable que • Es improbable que • Esimportanteque • Esbuenoque • Esmejorque • Esfácilque • Esdifícilque • Esnecesarioque

8. EL SUBJUNTIVO EN CLÁUSULAS ADVERBIALES (adverbial clauses) • para que (so that, in order that) • de modoque (so that, in such a way that) • de maneraque (so that, in such a way that) • con tal de que (provided that) • sin que (unless, without) • a menosque (unless) These are subjunctive because the information following is not necessarily real.

9. CONDITIONS NEEDED TO USE THE SUBJUNCTIVE • There are 2 clauses in a sentence using the subjunctive: • In the first part, the subject expresses themselves: what they want, wish/hope for, desire, doubt, - anything uncertain • The second part is WHO is affected by the subject • The 2 clauses are separated by the word QUE, meaning THAT • 2 separate clauses means you need 2 DIFFERENT SUBJECTS • Also, some form of uncertainty, an emotion, a wish or desire must be expressed

10. PHRASES THAT ARE NOT SUBJUNCTIVE • Esverdadque • No dudarque • No esdudosoque • No hay dudaque • Creoque • Estarseguroque • Esciertoque These phrases indicate certainty, therefore subjunctive cannot be used.

11. HOW TO USE THE SUBJUNCTIVE FORM • To form the present tense subjunctive: • 1. in the present tense, drop the “o” in the “yo” form • 2. add “-e” to “ar” verbs, add “-a” to “er”/”ir” verbs (opposite endings) • if you are talking to “tú”, use “-es” for “ar” verbs, use -as” for “er”/”ir” verbs • if you are talking to “Uds.”, use “-en” for “ar” verbs, use -an” for “er”/”ir” verbs • Basically, you add the “opposite” ending of what you would normally use in the indicative mood present tense • (Very similar to FORMAL COMMAND forms)

12. EXAMPLES • hablar – hable (-es, -en) • Yoquieroquetúhables. • (I want[that]you talk.) • I am expressing my “want” onto you. It is not certain that you will do it. Just because I want something does not mean it will happen. The uncertainty means I need to use the subjunctive.

13. EXAMPLES • Comer – coma (-as, -an) • La madreinsiste en quesuhijocoma los vegetales. • (The mom insists that her son eats vegetables.) • Even though the mom is imposing her will on the son, it is not certain that it will happen. Therefore, the subjunctive is needed.

14. EXAMPLES • Escribir – escriba (-as, -an) • Uds. esperenqueellosvengan a la fiesta. • (You hope that they come to the party.) • Even though you hope, you don’t know. The uncertainty makes the subjunctive necessary.

15. EXAMPLES • Esimportantequeestudies. • Esnecesarioque tomes buenosapuntes. • Esimposiblequeelloslleguen a tiempo. • Esmejorqueescuches a tus padres.

16. IRREGULAR VERBS • DISHES • Dar – dé • Ir – vaya • Ser – sea • Haber – haya (form of hay – there is/there are) • Estar – esté • Saber – sepa (Also – be careful of “yo-go verbs and any verbs whose “yo” form is irregular)