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Sampling

Sampling. Sampling – the process of obtaining a sample from a population Simple Random Sampling – sample selected at random from a population in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected

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Sampling

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  1. Sampling • Sampling – the process of obtaining a sample from a population • Simple Random Sampling – sample selected at random from a population in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected • Systematic Random Sampling – selecting every nth case from a population • Stratified Random Sampling – randomly selecting participants for a sample from predetermined strata (categories) in a population • Cluster Sampling – selecting a sample based on pre-organized groups • Convenience Sampling – selecting a sample from whatever subjects are available

  2. Variables • Independent Variable (IV) – the causal variable • Is typically manipulated by the researcher • Dependent Variable (DV) – the effect • Is typically expected to be impacted by the IV • Extraneous Variable (XV) or Confounding Variable (CV) – unintended variable that impacts the DV

  3. Hypothesis • Research (Alternative) Hypothesis (H1 or HA) – what is expected to be found • Directional – the IV is expected to ONLY increase or ONLY decrease the DV • Nondirectional – effect of IV could increase or decrease the DV • Null Hypothesis – no effect of IV on DV

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