Prepared by Detective Constable Blain JOYNSON Nishnawbe-Aski Police - Guns and Gangs Unit

1. FIREARMS & WEAPONS Prepared by Detective Constable Blain JOYNSON Nishnawbe-Aski Police - Guns and Gangs Unit

2. What Is A Firearm?

3. Firearms are Divided into Three Classes: • Prohibited firearms • Restricted firearms • Non-restricted firearms (meaning firearms which are not prohibited or restricted)

4. Different Long Gun Actions • Pump Action • Lever Action • Bolt Action • Break Action

5. Prohibited Firearms Handguns that: • Have barrels less than 105 mm in length, • Fire .25 or .32 calibre ammunition, • Exclusion - (any handgun prescribed for use in sporting competitions governed by the rules of the International Shooting Union).

6. Prohibited Firearms • Firearm ADAPTED from a rifle or shotgun by cutting, sawing or any other alteration. And as a result of the adaptation is: • Less than 660 mm (26 inches) in length, or is • 660 mm in length and has a barrel less than 457 mm (18 inches) in length. Seized by the NAPS Guns & Gangs Unit

7. Prohibited Firearms

8. Prohibited Firearms(.25 and .32 Calibre Pistols)

9. Prohibited Firearms • An automatic firearm

10. Home Made Firearms - Prohibited

11. Prohibited Firearms • Any firearm prescribed to be a prohibited firearm Seized by the NAPS Guns & Gangs Unit

12. Restricted Firearms A firearm that: • Is not a prohibited firearm, • Has a barrel less than 470 mm (18.5 inches) in length, and • Discharges centre-fire ammunition in a semi-automatic manner.

13. Restricted Firearms • A firearm that is designed or adapted to be fired when reduced to a length of less than 660 mm (26 inches) by folding, telescoping or otherwise, • A collapsible gun, or gun with a folding stock, • A firearm of any other kind that is prescribed to be a restricted firearm.

14. Restricted Firearms • Any handgun which is not prohibited

15. Restricted Firearms

16. Non-Restricted Firearms

17. Non-Restricted Firearms

18. Non Firearms • Antique Firearms (Manufactured prior to 1898, do not discharge centre fire or rim fire ammunition) • Signalling Devices • Starting Devices • Nail guns, other industrial devices • Slaughtering or tranquilizer devices • Device with attached lines (rescue)

19. Non Firearms • Any other barreled weapon where it is proved that the weapon is not designed or adapted to discharge a shot, bullet or other projectile at a muzzle velocity exceeding 152.4 m per second or to discharge a shot, bullet or other projectile that is designed or adapted to attain a velocity exceeding 152.4 m per second. (500 FPS). Example - certain pellet / bb guns.

20. Non Firearms

21. Prohibited Device • Electrical / mechanical device that is designed / adapted to operate the trigger of a semi-automatic firearm for the purpose of causing it to discharge cartridges in rapid succession, • “Bull-pup Stock” - Permits rifles and shotguns to be reduced significantly in length, • A handgun barrel that is equal to or less than 105 mm in length, but does not include any such handgun barrel that is prescribed, where the handgun barrel is for use in international sporting competitions governed by the rules of the International Shooting Union, • A device or contrivance designed or intended to muffle or stop the sound or report of a firearm (Silencer), • A cartridge magazine that is prescribed to be a prohibited device (Basically, high or over capacity magazines), or • A replica firearm.

22. High Capacity Magazines (Prohibited Device) Seized by the NAPS Guns & Gangs Unit • Maximum Magazine Capacity For A Handgun = 10 • Maximum Magazine Capacity For A Rifle (Centre fire) = 5

23. Prohibited Device

24. Ammunition The four parts of a cartridge: • Case (holds everything together) • Primer (ignites the charge) • Propellant Charge (blasts the projectile out of the gun) • Projectile *Centre-Fire and Rim-Fire*

25. Rim-Fire Ammunition

26. Centre-Fire / Rim-Fire Ammunition

27. Prohibited Ammunition Ammunition, or a projectile of any kind, that is prescribed to be prohibited ammunition (SOR/98- 462, Part 5). • Capable of penetrating body armour (fired by a semi-automatic handgun or revolver, • Projectile that ignites on impact, • Projectile that explodes on impact, • Flechettes discharged from a shotgun.

28. Prohibited Ammunition

29. Licensing of Firearms There are (see Firearms Act for details): • Possession licences • Possession and acquisition licences • Minor’s possession licences • Non-resident 60-day possession licences • Confirmed customs declarations in lieu of licence for non-residents • Restricted weapons licences • Business licences • Prohibited licences

30. Storage, Display and Transportation of Firearms by Individuals Regulations

31. Sources of Illegal Firearms Obtained from: • Break and Enters (residential, business) • Smuggling • Previously unregistered firearms (Grandpa’s war mementos) • Illegally modified firearms • Firearms obtained legally prior to regulation changes, and • Outside Influences

32. Sources of Illegal Firearms Seized by the NAPS Guns & Gangs Unit

33. Sources of Illegal Firearms • Magazine/Mail Orders

34. Sources of Illegal Firearms • War Mementos

35. Sources of Illegal Firearms • Illegal Modifications (SKS - legal with 5 round capacity)

36. Sources of Illegal Firearms • Modifications (SKS - illegal with large capacity magazine • (prohibited device) - more than 5 rounds

37. Illegal Modifications • (Modified Blank Pistols)

38. Seized - Sold on the Streets in Thunder Bay Seized by the Combined Forces Organized Crime Unit

39. Smuggling - Illegal Modifications • Extensive plans available on the internet • Parts smuggled across the border or sent through the mail

40. Replica Firearms • Resembles a firearm exactly or with near precision • Is not in itself a firearm • Is not an antique firearm

41. Replica Firearms • Airsoft guns that closely resemble real firearms are classified as replica firearms, and are prohibited. Clear plastic, miniaturized versions, or models resembling antique firearms may be allowed on a case-by-case basis. • Any firearm, including air guns, that have a muzzle velocity greater than 152.4 metres per second (500 ft/s), a muzzle energy greater than 5.7 joules (4.2 ft·lbf) is considered a firearm for the purposes of the Firearms Act and must be registered. Airsoft guns meeting one of the above two requirements are also treated as firearms under the Criminal Code and are subject to safety regulations when transported. The Canada Border Services Agency generally seize all airsoft guns imported by individuals, only allowing importation to merchants with a Business Firearms Licence endorsed for replica firearms. **It is illegal to sell replica firearms to individuals, though it is not illegal to possess them.**

42. Replica Firearms - Problems • In Thunder Bay, replica firearms have been used to commit crimes and have been used in the intimidation of members of the public by criminal elements, • Almost impossible to tell whether a replica firearm is real from at a glance, • When carried concealed, charges of carrying a concealed weapon are still an option by police.

43. Replica Firearms

44. Replicas vs. Real Firearms

45. Prohibited Weapons

46. Prohibited Weapons

47. Modern Influences

48. Nishnawbe-Aski PoliceGuns & Gangs Unit Detective Constable Blain JOYNSON Cell: (807) 630-9759 Email: blain.joynson@naps.ca - END -