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INTENSIONALIY

INTENSIONALIY. from Bilal jamil and Kashif Rao. Intentionality vs intensioinality.

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INTENSIONALIY

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  1. INTENSIONALIY from Bilaljamil and KashifRao

  2. Intentionality vsintensioinality • Both the terms are not synonymous , they shouldn’t confused with each other . The former expresses sb’s planning to do sth or o make up their mind to an action ; while the former shows sb’s mental states in from of beliefs , thoughts , certainty, uncertainty , and so on .

  3. DEFINITION • The FACT of being delibrate are purposive. • The definition of intensionality to philosophy of language: it is that quality of mental states that consist in being directed towards some objects or state of affairs e.g: thoughts, beliefs, desires and hopes and so on.

  4. DEFINITION IN LINGUISTicsS AND TO DIFFERENT LINGUISTS • In linguists an intension is any property or quality connoted by a word, phrase or another symbol. • To Ferdinand de Saussure: intention is analogous to the signified i.e; the concept or idea that assigns expresssion or evokes image . • To Frege sentences revealing interpretative or cognitive behavior or said to be intentional and the property is called intensionality.

  5. Signifier vs signified • PENGUINS

  6. THE DEVELOPED NOTION • The notion was discussed by Frege 1983 article, SENSE AND REFLECTION.

  7. BACKGROUND • The term dates from Medieval Scholastic philosophy, but was resurrected by Franz Brenato and adopted by Edmund Husserl. • The earliest theory of intentionality is associated with St.Anslam’s ONTOLOGICAL ARGUMENT for the existence of God and the object that exist in reality.

  8. What is a languge • The main purpose behind every natural language is to communicate between the speaker’s hearer’s subjectivity.

  9. MAIN PURPOSE OF NATURAL LANGUAGES • Is largely to communicate interpretations between speaker and hearers and this is challenging to modern linguists to develop the sort of interpretation by removing all sorts of ambiguities within different areas of language.

  10. Challenge for formal semantics • It is challenging to the formal semantics to develop the semantic model to reflect the interpretation and calculation that is so central to language . The certain areas where intensionality seems most exhibited in natural languages are : modality , tense ,aspect , and verbs of propositional attitudes .

  11. Modality • Modality is often described in two related aspect of meaning . EPISTIMIC modality expresses judgment of fact , DEONTIC modality expresses obligation and permission .

  12. Differentiate between e,d modalities • The children in the class have revised their lessons. • All of you must observe punctuality. • May he visit you? • The earth is round. • They had to come back soon.

  13. TIME AND ASPECT • There are two further important categories related to the speaker’s view of time .

  14. DENOTATIONAL APPROACH VS CONOTIONAL APPROACH • the former approach expresses the actual object or idea to which the word refers i.e. literal meaning while the later approach is a suggested meaning i.e. the word PROFESSIONAL has connotations of skill and excellence .

  15. intensionality . • CONTINUED • To be discussed by • KASHIF RAO

  16. DISADVANTAGES OF THE DENOTAIONAL appROACH • It down plays the speaker-hearer’s subjectivity.

  17. SUBJECTIVITY VS OBJECTIVITY • Subjectivity is equal to the subject’s mind e.g. ideas, feelings or experiences existing in their mind rather than in the real world; while objectivity is equal to the principles of the outer world.

  18. FLAT STATEMENTS VS PROPOSITIONAL • As it is clear that the main purpose of every natural language is to communicate interpretation between the speaker and hearer which is expressed through expressing the speaker mental state of affairs i.e:propositionslattitude;while flat staement never expresses the speaker mental statement.

  19. FLAT STATEMENT • 1.John is in Paris. • 2.John is ill. • 3.John has gone back to his city. • 4.John is not present today. • 5.John is chasing me.

  20. PRoPOSITIONAL ATTITUDEs IN OPPOSITION TO FLAT STATEMENT • There are the statement expressing subject’s intention or mental sate as: • As believe know, • Doubt, • Regret, • Sure, • And think on.

  21. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN FLAT STATEMENT AND STATEMENTS WITH INTENsIONALITY • Jhon is in Paris. • He believes that Jhon is in Paris. • Akmal is ill. • He regrets that Akmal is ill. • He has gone back to Lahore. • I am sure that he has gone back to Lahore. • He cheated in the paper. • He doubts that he cheated in the paper.

  22. OPAQUE? • The fact that truth or falsity of the subordinate clause seems to be independent of the truth or falsity of the whole situation e.g:thatJhon believes that Paris is in Nepal. • The statement can not be falsified or rectified as it may be true or it may be false even though the component Paris is in Nepal is false. • In such example we need some access to the content of the subject’s belief necessitating an extra level of sense or in more recent terminology, intension.

  23. CONCLUSION • in the light of the above discussion , it dawns upon us how denotational speech is less effective unless connotational speech rendered its true place in semantics to be aware of the true sense of meaning to which intensionality is an ever overwhlming aspect. thanks

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