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Rojo 9B

This guide explores direct object pronouns in Spanish, including their meanings and usage. Pronouns like "me," "te," "lo," and "la" replace direct objects to prevent repetition and streamline communication. Learn how to correctly place these pronouns before conjugated verbs or attach them to infinitives. The present progressive tense is also covered, demonstrating how to express actions happening right now with forms of "estar" plus present participles. With practical examples and important rules, mastering direct object pronouns will enhance your Spanish fluency.

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Rojo 9B

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  1. Rojo 9B APUNTES

  2. Direct Object Pronouns: Me = me nos = us Te = you os = you guys (Spain) Lo = him, it, you (male ,formal) Los = them, you guys La = her, it, you (female, formal) Las = them (female), you gals (female)

  3. Direct objects show who or what receives the action of the verb. To avoid repetition, use a direct object pronoun. Ex: I am watching the game. = Yoveo el partido. I am watching it. = YoLOveo.

  4. Put the D.O. pronouns BEFORE a conjugated verb. Ex: Yolospego. = I hit them. Berguitamebesa. = Berguita kisses me.

  5. Placement rules: • 2. They can also be ATTACHED to an infinitive, OR they can go BEFORE the entire verb phrase when there is an infinitive. Ex: I am going to hit them! = ¡Yo los voy a pegar! OR ¡Voy a pegarlos!

  6. Conocer

  7. Ex: We are listening to music = • Estamos eschuando la música. • They are doingtheirhomework = • Están haciendo su tarea. • (The “-ANDO” ,“-IENDO” and “-YENDO” in Spanish are like “-ING” endings • in English.) Present Progressive Present Progressive To say what is happening RIGHT NOW: form of estar+ present participle

  8. Present Progressive • Used to say what is happening RIGHT NOW at this VERY MOMENT. Ex: Leave me alone, I am sleeping! • Formula : • 1. form of estar + 2. present participle V V

  9. Ex: We are listening to music = • Estamos eschuando la música. • They are doingtheirhomework = • Están haciendo su tarea. • (The “-ANDO” ,“-IENDO” and “-YENDO” in Spanish are like “-ING” endings • in English.)

  10. Use “-ANDO” for –ar verbs • “-IENDO” for –er and –ir verbs • “-YENDO” for verbs whose Stems end in an “E” or “I” like creer and leer If this is the case, change the “i” to a “y” so that you do not have 3 vowels in a row. Ex: Leer leyendo; Traer trayendo --Estoy leyendo = I am reading.

  11. Key pregunta: ¿Quéestáshaciendoahora? = What are you doing now? For Reflexivos: (2 options) Ex.: Maquillarse I am putting on makeup. = 1) Meestoymaquillando. OR: 2) Estoymaquillándome. **************************************************

  12. “-ir” stem changers in present have a DIFFERENT stem change in theparticiple: pedir = pidiendo dormir = durmiendo servir = sirviendo venir = viniendo

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