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Collective Behaviour

Collective Behaviour. Dr Andrew Jackson Zoology School of Natural Sciences Trinity Centre for Biodiversity Research Trinity College Dublin. Examples from Cells to Beasts. Advantageous Information Transfer. Collective Behaviour. http://vimeo.com/31158841. Complex Social Environment.

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Collective Behaviour

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  1. Collective Behaviour Dr Andrew Jackson Zoology School of Natural Sciences Trinity Centre for Biodiversity Research Trinity College Dublin

  2. Examples from Cells to Beasts

  3. Advantageous Information Transfer

  4. Collective Behaviour • http://vimeo.com/31158841

  5. Complex Social Environment

  6. How do we get from simple individuals…. … to complex groups?

  7. The basic rules • Personal space - cant occupy the same space as someone else • Imitation - tend to copy others and will seemingly follow another without prompting • Gregarious – they don’t like being on their own, so will move towards others if isolated

  8. Blind Spot Individual Based Model (IBM) Repulsion Orientation Attraction

  9. Local Interactions

  10. Collective behaviour • Emerges as a result of interactions between individual “agents”. • Properties of the group are not encoded directly by behaviours at the individual level. • Patterns emerge through self-organisation of the system

  11. Matlabexample

  12. Sensitivity to individual behaviours • Vary only the zone of orientation Blind Spot

  13. Swarming Small zone of orientation

  14. Matlab Swarms

  15. Torus (ring-doughnut) patterns Intermediate zone of orientation

  16. Matlab Torus

  17. College Park Torus

  18. Directed Shoal Large zone of orientation

  19. Matlab Directed Shoals

  20. Individuals are different Variation in behaviour Matlab example (swim speed)

  21. Fast-slow video

  22. Finding your way around your group Fast High Rate of Turning Larger zone of repulsion

  23. Subtle behavioural changes • Gives evolution an easy (well easier) way to effect dramatic change at the group level pattern • Key concept in developmental biology • Don’t need complex cognitive processing and rules to navigate and negotiate the group complex

  24. But clearly some individuals do have information… Collective Decision Making

  25. Coercion is easy

  26. … but depends on numbers

  27. Few informed individuals • Crowd video – few informed individuals

  28. Many informed individuals • Crowd video – many informed individuals

  29. Conflict of information • Crowd video – conflict of information

  30. Few individuals can sway a group • Only a small proportion of informed individuals needed to influence the crowd • Larger groups need smaller proportion of informed individuals reach a collective decision

  31. Conclusions • Complex collective behaviour derived from local interactions between individuals. • Group level properties emerge – the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. • Need to take a holistic approach to these systems.

  32. Suggested Reading • Dyer, J. R. G., Johansson, A., Helbing, D., Couzin, I. D., & Krause, J. (2009). Leadership, consensus decision making and collective behaviour in humans. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1518), 781-789. [pdf] • Couzin, I. D. (2007). Collective minds. Nature, 445(7129), 715-715. [pdf] • Couzin, I. D. (2006). Behavioral Ecology: Social Organization in Fission-Fusion Societies. Current Biology, 16(5), r169-r171. [pdf] • Couzin et al. 2002. Collective memory and spatial sorting in animal groups. J Theor Biol. 218, 1-11. doi • I suggest you watch this short 5 minute video about collective behaviour by Prof Iain Couzinhttp://youtu.be/_2WqH_HUxz8 , and basically anything Iain publishes is pretty cool by me http://icouzin.princeton.edu/ • And the starlings are always worth viewing - http://vimeo.com/31158841

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