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Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Observing the Universe Lesson 2 Early History of Space Exploration Lesson 3 Recent and Future Space Missions Chapter Wrap-Up. NASA/Ames Wendy Stenzel. Chapter Menu. How do humans observe and explore space?. Chapter Introduction. What do you think?.

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  1. Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Observing the Universe Lesson 2 Early History of Space Exploration Lesson 3Recent and Future Space Missions Chapter Wrap-Up NASA/Ames Wendy Stenzel Chapter Menu

  2. How do humans observe and explore space? Chapter Introduction

  3. What do you think? Before you begin, decide if you agree or disagree with each of these statements. As you view this presentation, see if you change your mind about any of the statements. Chapter Introduction

  4. 1. Astronomers put telescopes in space to be closer to the stars. 2. Telescopes can work only using visible light. 3. Humans have walked on the Moon. Do you agree or disagree? Chapter Introduction

  5. 4. Some orthodontic braces were developed using space technology. 5. Humans have landed on Mars. 6. Scientists have detected water on other bodies in the solar system. Do you agree or disagree? Chapter Introduction

  6. Observing the Universe • How do scientists use the electromagnetic spectrum to study the universe? • What types of telescopes and technology are used to explore space? Lesson 1 Reading Guide - KC

  7. Observing the Universe • electromagnetic spectrum • refracting telescope • reflecting telescope • radio telescope Lesson 1 Reading Guide - Vocab

  8. Observing the Sky Telescopes enable astronomers to observe many more stars than they could with their eyes alone. telescope from Greek tele, means “far”; and Greek skopos, means “seeing” Lesson 1-1

  9. Observing the Sky(cont.) Astronomers use many kinds of telescopes to study the light energy emitted by stars and other objects in space. Michael Matisse/Getty Images Lesson 1-1

  10. Electromagnetic Waves • Stars radiate energy into space. This energy travels as electromagnetic waves. • The entire range of radiant energy carried by electromagnetic waves is the electromagnetic spectrum. Lesson 1-2

  11. Most wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum are not visible to the human eye. Lesson 1-2

  12. Electromagnetic Waves(cont.) • The type of radiant energy a star emits depends on the star’s temperature. • Some stars are so far away that it takes billions of years for their radiant energy to reach Earth. Lesson 1-2

  13. Earth-Based Telescopes • Optical telescopes gather visible light. • Refracting telescopes and reflecting telescopes are the two types of optical telescopes. Lesson 1-3

  14. A telescope that uses a convex lens to concentrate light from a distant object is a refracting telescope. Lesson 1-3

  15. Earth-Based Telescopes(cont.) Which electromagnetic waves do refracting telescopes collect? Lesson 1-3

  16. A telescope that uses a curved mirror to concentrate light from a distant object is a reflecting telescope. Lesson 1-3

  17. Earth-Based Telescopes(cont.) Radio telescopes collect invisible radio waves and some microwaves. They look like TV satellite dishes. Steve Allen/Brand X Pictures Lesson 1-3

  18. Telescopes in space collect energy of all wavelengths, including those absorbed by Earth’s atmosphere. Lesson 1-4

  19. Space Telescopes Why do astronomers put some telescopes in space? Lesson 1-4

  20. Space Telescopes (cont.) The first optical space telescope, the Hubble Space Telescope, is a reflecting telescope that orbits Earth. CORBIS Lesson 1-4

  21. Scheduled for launch in 2014, the Webb telescope will help astronomers study the origin of the universe. Lesson 1-4

  22. Reflecting telescopes use mirrors to concentrate light. Lesson 1 - VS

  23. Earth-based telescopes can collect energy in the visible, radio, and microwave parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. • Space-based telescopes can collect wavelengths of energy that cannot penetrate Earth’s atmosphere. Lesson 1 - VS

  24. What determines the types of electromagnetic waves that a star emits? A. age of the star B. distance of the star from Earth C. size of the star D. temperature of the star Lesson 1 – LR1

  25. Which of these is NOT an optical telescope? A. radio telescope B. reflecting telescope C. refracting telescope D. the Hubble Space Telescope Lesson 1 – LR2

  26. Which phrase refers to any telescope that uses a curved mirror to concentrate light from a distant object? A. radio telescope B. reflecting telescope C. refracting telescope D. space telescope Lesson 1 – LR3

  27. 1. Astronomers put telescopes in space to be closer to the stars. 2. Telescopes can work only using visible light. Do you agree or disagree? Lesson 1 - Now

  28. Early History of Space Exploration • How are rockets and artificial satellites used? • Why do scientists send both crewed and uncrewed missions into space? • What are some ways that people use space technology to improve life on Earth? Lesson 2 Reading Guide - KC

  29. Early History of Space Exploration • Project Apollo • space shuttle • rocket • satellite • space probe • lunar Lesson 2 Reading Guide - Vocab

  30. Rockets • A rocket is a vehicle designed to propel itself by ejecting exhaust gas from one end. • Rocket engines carry oxygen with them and can operate in space where there is very little oxygen. Lesson 2-1

  31. Rockets(cont.) How are rockets used in space exploration? Lesson 2-1

  32. Artificial Satellites Any small object that orbits a larger object is a satellite. satellite from Latin satellitem, means “attendant” or “bodyguard” Lesson 2-2

  33. Artificial Satellites(cont.) • Rockets place satellites into orbit around Earth or other objects in space. • Satellites send information back to Earth. CORBIS Lesson 2-2

  34. Artificial Satellites(cont.) • Today, Earth-orbiting satellites are used to transmit television and telephone signals and to monitor weather and climate. • An array of satellites called the Global Positioning System (GPS) is used for navigation in cars, boats, airplanes, and even for hiking. Lesson 2-2

  35. Artificial Satellites(cont.) How are Earth-orbiting satellites used? Lesson 2-2

  36. Early Exploration of the Solar System • In 1958, the U.S. Congress established the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which oversees all U.S. space missions, including space telescopes. • In the same year NASA was founded, Explorer 1 was launched. It orbited Earth 58,000 times before burning up in Earth’s atmosphere in 1970. Lesson 2-3

  37. Early Exploration of the Solar System (cont.) A space probeis an uncrewed spacecraft sent from Earth to explore objects in space. Digital Vision/Getty Images Lesson 2-3

  38. Early Exploration of the Solar System (cont.) probe Science Use an uncrewed spacecraft Common Use question or examine closely Lesson 2-3

  39. Early Exploration of the Solar System (cont.) • Space probes are robots that work automatically or by remote control, taking pictures and gathering data. • Probes are cheaper to build than crewed spacecraft, and they can make trips that would be too long or too dangerous for humans. Lesson 2-3

  40. Early Exploration of the Solar System (cont.) Why do scientists send uncrewed missions to space? Lesson 2-3

  41. Early Exploration of the Solar System (cont.) • The first lunar probes were sent to the Moon by the United States and the former Soviet Union in 1959. • The term lunarrefers to anything related to the Moon. Lesson 2-3

  42. Human Spaceflight • In 1961, the first human—an astronaut from the former Soviet Union—was launched into Earth’s orbit, followed shortly thereafter by the first American astronaut to orbit Earth. • In 1961, U.S. President John F. Kennedy challenged the American people to place a person on the Moon by the end of the decade. Lesson 2-4

  43. Human Spaceflight(cont.) • Project Apollowas a series of space missions designed to send people to the Moon. • In 1969, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, Apollo 11 astronauts, were the first people to walk on the Moon. NASA Lesson 2-4

  44. Human Spaceflight(cont.) Space shuttles are reusable spacecraft that transport people and materials to and from space. Stocktrek/age fotostock Lesson 2-4

  45. Human Spaceflight(cont.) The International Space Station is an Earth-orbiting research laboratory where astronauts from many countries work and live. Brand X Pictures/PunchStock Lesson 2-4

  46. Space Technology • The space program requires materials that can withstand the extreme temperatures and pressures of space. • Many of these materials have been applied to everyday life on Earth, including in firefighting gear, athletic clothing, and medical applications, such as orthodontic braces. Lesson 2-5

  47. Space Technology(cont.) What are some ways that space exploration has improved life on Earth? Lesson 2-5

  48. Exhaust from burned fuel accelerates a rocket. • Some space probes can land on the surface of a planet or a moon. • Technologies developed for the space program have been applied to everyday life on Earth. Stocktrek/age fotostock Lesson 2 - VS

  49. Which term refers to an uncrewed spacecraft sent from Earth to explore objects in space? A. satellite B. space probe C. space shuttle D. space station Lesson 2 – LR1

  50. Which term refers to a vehicle designed to propel itself by ejecting exhaust gas from one end? A. space probe B. satellite C. rocket D. orbiter Lesson 2 – LR2

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