I hope you haven’t forgotten to do your homework

1. I hopeyouhaven’tforgottento do yourhomework Writing a shortreport on twodigiticalcameras.

2. INFINITIVES

3. Simple Infinitives • Shewantstostudylanguages at university. • Theyareplanningtomoveintoanotherhouse. • It’sdifficultfor a mothernot tofeelconcernedabout her children. • Shepretended not toseeme. • I haven’tdecidedyet togotothecinemawithyou. (gitmeye henüz karar vermedim) • I havedecided not togotothecinemawithyou. (gitmemeye karar verdim)

4. Not to do / to not do • Thearmy’spolicywasnot tosendwomenintocombat. • (Sendingwomenintocombatwas not thearmy’spolicy.) • As a general rule, thearmydid not sendwomenintocombat • Thearmy’spolicywasto not sendwomenintocombat. • (Not sendingwomenintocombatwasthearmy’spolicy.)l • Thearmyclearlyandstronglyrefusedtosendwomenintocombat.

5. INFINITIVE AS SUBJECT OF THE SENTENCE • Tosavemoney is impossiblethesedays.(not common) • It is impossibletosavemoneythesedays. • Tochat is fun. / It is funtochat. • Totravelbyminibustakes a lot of time. • Ittakes a lot of time totravelbyminibus. • (Minibüsle seyahat etmek çok zaman alıyor)

6. Gerund / Infinitive as theSubject of a Sentence • Swimmingis myfavouritesport. (general) • Toswimin thatriverisn’t at allwise. (specific) • Reading is veryimportantforchildren. • Toreadthisbook in justthreedayswill be difficult.

7. It + usuallyinfinitive • Itisn’t at allwisetoswimin thatriver. • It is importantforchildrentoread. • BUT !!!!!! SomeexpressionstaketheGerund: • It’s nice seeingyouagain.

8. Possessiveadjectives + Gerund • His cominglatemade us angry. • Her not wantingtocomewith us is quitesurprising. • Theemployee’scomplainingtoomuchaboutthe pay risemadethemanagementthink it over.

9. Tobecomefluent in English youneedto do Ex: 10.

10. For + Noun/ Pronoun + Infinitive • Swimming is easyfor me. • Toswim is easyfor me. • It is easyfor me toswim.

11. Of + Noun / Pronoun + Infinitive • It’skindof youtohelpme. • Itwasrudeof himtotreatyoulikethat. • Itwascareless of me toleavethekey in thehouse.

12. It’snecessaryforyoutolearn English verywell. • (İngilizce’yi çok iyi öğrenmek sizin için gerekli.) • It’sclever of himtolearnboth English andcomputing. • (Onun hem İngilizce hem de bilgisayar öğrenmesi çok akıllıca.)

13. It is necessaryforyouto do Ex: 11.

14. INFINITIVE AS SUBJECT COMPLEMENT (Özne Tamamlayıcı) • When I was a child, myambitionwasto be an architect. • Afterdinnertonight, my plan is totakea walkalongtheseashore. • Whatyouneed is togetsomefreshair. • Her favouritesport is playingtennis. (general) • Her plan afterworktoday is toplaytennis.(specific)

15. Oneway of revisinginfinitives is to do Ex: 12.

16. INFINITIVE AS DIRECT OBJECT • 1. Verb + Infinitive • Shedecidedtomovetoanothercity. • 2. Verb + noun / pronoun + infinitive • Shepersuaded me togowith her. • 3. Eitherverb + infinitiveorverb + noun / pronoun + infinitive • Sheexpectedtogethomeearly. • Sheexpected me togethomeearly.

17. Verb + Infinitive • Afford / agree / appear / arrange / care / claim / consent / decide / demand / deserve…………….. • Youappearto be paletoday. Is theresomethingwrong ?

18. prove • Thenewheadmasterprovedto be successul. • Thenewheadmasterprovedhimselfto be successful. (Eylemi aynı kişi yapıyorsa) • Shesoonprovedto be reliable. • Shesoonprovedherselfto be reliable. • Thenew Project proveduseless. (adj) • He soonprovedsuccessful.

19. Verb + Noun / Pronoun + Infinitive • Advise, allow, appoint, cause, caution, challenge, command, direct, enable……… • I advisedhimto stop smoking. • He challenged me toswimtotheotherside of theriver.

20. Whentheverbsare in passive • I wasadvisedto stop smoking. • I wastoldto be there on time.

21. Verb + InfinitiveorVerb + Noun / Pronoun + Infinitive • I wanttostudyhard. • I wantyoutostudyhard. • Commonverbsare: • Ask, beg, choose, dare, expect, need, prefer, promise, want, wish, wouldlike

22. promise • I promisedtoquitsmoking. • I promisedmymothertoquitsmoking.

23. Want / wouldlike + passive • I wouldlikehimelected. (I wouldlikehimto be elected) • I wantyourhomeworkfinishedsoon. (I wantyourhomeworkto be finishedsoon) • How istgoingwithyouressay ? I wouldlike it completed as soon as possible. • I wouldlike it to be completedas soon as possible.

24. dare • Wouldyoudare do / to do a parachutejump ? • No, I wouldn’tdare do l/ to do that . • I daren’t do a parachutejump. • My frienddared me toswimacrosstheBosphorus. (cesaretlendirdi) • Do youdare me to talk backtomybosswhen I believe he is wrong?

25. GERUND / INFINITIVE • Advise, allow, attempt, begin, can’tbear, can’tstand, continue, dislike, dread, encourage, forbid, hate, intend, like, love, needneglect, permit, prefer, recommend, start

26. Attempt, begin, cannotbear, continue, dislike, dread, hate, intend, like, love, neglect, start • No difference in meaning: • Just as I lefttheoffice, it beganraining / torain. • I can’tbearlistening / to listen tothatsort of music. • Theyintendmoving / tomoveinto a biggerhouse.

27. Advise, allow, encourage, forbid, permit, recommend • Bu fiillerden sonra indirectobject (him, her…..) varsa infinitive; yoksa gerund alır. • I advisedrivingmoreslowly on thisslipperyroad. • I adviseyoutodrivemoreslowly………. • Thelawforbidstravellingwithoutwearing a sealtbelt. • Thelawforbids us totravel………….

28. suggest • I suggestedgoingto an Italianrestaurantfor a change. • I suggestedtheirgoingto an Italianrestaurant………

29. need • I needtoironmyshirt. (active) • My shirtneedsto be ironed / needsironing. (passive) • Theatticneeds / wants / requirestidying. (to be tidied) • Theseplants of yourswantwatering. (to be watered)

30. Passiveinfinitiveifthesubject is a person • Youneedtohelpher. • Sheneedsto be helped. • I needtotellthemthetruth. • Theyneedto be toldthetruth.

31. prefer • Gerundtogerund • I preferwalkingtorunning. • infinitiveratherthaninfinitive • I prefertowalkhometodayratherthantakethebus. • Do youwatch TV veryoften ? No, I preferreading. (general) • Willyoucomefor a walkwith us ? I wouldprefertostay at home . (specific)

32. GerundorInfinitivewith a change in meaning • FORGET / REMEMBER • When I met him, I suddenlyrememberedlendinghim a largesum of money. • He had completelyforgottenborrowingmoneyfrom me. • Pleaseremembertotellhimthat I will be waiting at ourusualcafearound 4 o’clock. • Because I lefthome in a hurry, I forgottotakemypursewith me.

33. MEAN • I don’tmeanto hurt youbycriticizingyousoseverely, but it’sforyourownsake. (kast etmek, niyet etmek) • Being a parentmeanshavinga lot of responsibilities. (anlamına gelmek, demek)

34. REGRET • He regrets not attending / not havingattendeduniversity. (pişmanlık duyuyor) • Sheregretted not listening / not havinglistenedto her mother’sadvice. • I regrettotellyouthat I can’tcomewithyou. (üzülerek söylüyorum) • I regrettoinformyouthatyoucouldn’tget a passinggrade.

35. STOP • When I enteredtheclassroom, thestudentsstoppedchattingamongthemselves. • Whenthephonerang, I stoppedmyworkto (in orderto ) answerthephone. • Stop doingstgto do stg else • Whenthephonerang, I stoppedstudyingto (in orderto) answer it.

36. TRY • Because it wasvery hot lastnight, I couldn’tgettosleep. • I triedopeningthewindow, but it didn’twork. Then I took a coldshower. (denedim) • I tried hard tocatchthetrain, but I couldn’t. • Shetriedtopersuade her fathertolet her gotothecinema. (ikna etmeye çalıştı)

37. INFINITIVE AFTER CERTAIN NOUNS • Ability, ambition, anxiety, attempt, decision, demand, desire, determination…….. • Not everyperson has theabilitytothinklogically. • My determinationtogo onwalkingeven in therainsurprisedthemall. • His eagernesstopasstheexam is at itspeakthesedays.

38. TIME / PLACE + Infinitive • Thebest time togoon holiday is spring. • Tomorrow, I willhavea lot of time todealwithyou. • Thebestplacetofishis justundertheBosphorus Bridge.

39. Thefirst, thesecond, thenext, thelast…. • Do youknowwhothefirstpersontoclimbMount Everest was ? • Thelastpersontoleavehomeshouldlockthedoor. • She is alwaysthelastpersontocome.

40. INFINITIVE AFTER CERTAIN ADJECTIVES • I’m sorrytohearthatyourmother is ill. • I’m gladtoseeyou here. • Content, delighted, glad, happy, pleased, relieved, lucky, fortunate, disappointed, sad, upset, proud, ashamed…………..

41. Adjective + preposition + Gerund • Shewasproudto be the top student in theclass. • Shewasproud of beingthe top ………. • I wassurprisedtoseehimthere. • I wassurprised at his beingthere.

42. Reducingthat-clause / when-clause • Shewasdisgustedwhenshesawthekitchen in such a mess. • Shewasdisgustedtoseethekitchen……… • Shewasdisappointedthatshedidn’tgetthejob. • Shewasdisappointed not togetthejob. • Shewasdisappointed not to be giventhejob.

43. I supposethatyouarenowreadyto do Ex:16

44. PASSIVE INFINITIVE and PAST TIME • To be done • I don’twantyoutotell me whatto do. • I don’twantto be toldwhatto do. • I didn’texpectshewouldinvite me to her wedding. • I didn’texpectto be invitedto her wedding.

45. PAST INFINITIVE • Tohavebeen done • I’m happythat I passedtheexam. • I’m happytohavepassedtheexam. • (I passedtheexamsometimebeforenow, andnow I’m happy.) • She is fortunatetohavereceived a goodeducation. • Youseemtohavepassedtheexam.

46. To do / to be donetohave done / tohavebeen done • She is fortunatethatshewillstudyabroad. • She is fortunatetostudyabroad.(öğrenim göreceği için şanslı) • She is fortunatethatshestudiedabroad. • She is fortunatetohavestudiedabroad.(öğrenim gördüğü için şanslı) • She is luckthatshewill be sent abroad. • She is luckyto be sent abroad. • She is luckythatshewas sent abroad. • She is luckytohavebeen sent abroad.

47. Seem / appear / pretend + to be doing / tohavebeendoing) • Itappearsthattheyarewaitingfor us. • Theyappearto be waitingfor us. • Itappearsthattheyhavebeenwaitingfor us. • Theyappeartohavebeenwaitingfor us.

48. Tell / order / ask / request………. • Bu fiillerden sonra pastinfinitive kullanılmaz. • I askedmyfriends not tomakesomuchnoise. • I toldthechildrento be carefulwhilecrossingthestreet.

49. Youareluckyto be giventhechanceto do Ex: 17.

50. IN ORDER TO (Infinitive of Purpose) • I willgoshoppingto buy / in orderto buy somevegetables. • Youhavetouse an axetochop / in ordertochopthewood. • An axe is usedforchopping / tochopwood. • An axe is a toolforchoppingwood.