Soc. St. Study Guide

1. Soc. St. Study Guide Chapter 3 and 4

2. The first Sumerian kings were probably war heroes. • Although most Sumerians were farmers, many made metal, cloth, and pottery because they were skilled artisans.

3. 3) During the late Neolithic Age, craftspeople in western Asia discovered that mixing copper and tin formed bronze, an important technological breakthrough.

4. 4) A Sumerian temple to honor their chief god was called a ziggurat. 5) If you lived in Nippur, where would your home be located? In the lower town

5. 6) Which of the following is a negative effect of the growth of communities during the Neolithic Age? Deforestation, which caused desert-like conditions in Jordan 7) Taming an animal for use by humans is called domestication.

6. 8) The calendar developed by the Sumerians was based on the cycles of the moon. 9) Site of one of the world’s first libraries – Nineveh 10) Hero of an epic who travels the world performing great deeds - Gilgamesh

7. 11) First large army to use iron weapons – Assyrians 12) People who study the heavenly bodies - astronomers

8. 13) a pyramid-shaped structure with a temple at the top – ziggurat • 14) In early civilizations, the first governments were monarchies.

9. 15) Because the conditions for farming were good, the first civilizations arose in river valleys. 16) “Old Stone Age” – Paleolithic Age

10. 17) Tools and methods to perform tasks – technology 18) “New Stone Age” – Neolithic Age

11. 19) The act of training for a particular job – specialization 20) To tame animals for human use – domesticate

12. 21) People who move from place to place regularly – nomads 22) Long periods of extreme cold – ice ages

13. 23) What do historians call the general early period of human history? Stone Age 24) Paleolithic people – crafted simple tools such as axes.

14. 26) What was the most important and long-lasting effect that the Agricultural Revolution had a people’s lives? The population grew at a faster rate, and people settled into communities.

15. 25) Men in the Neolithic Age – herded, farmed, and protected the village 27) What is the best example of how an advance in the use of technology made life less difficult for Paleolithic people? They discovered how to use fire

16. 28) What did the Hittites teach the Assyrians that helped make their army stronger? How to make and use stronger metals for weaponry, such as catapults and battering rams

17. 29) What is located at the highest point in the town? The ziggurat 30) One of the most important technologies used by the Paleolithic people was tools.

18. 31) Who wrote a legal code that covered most areas of daily life? Hammurabi • 32) Which part of Babylon was known as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World? Hanging Gardens

19. 33) Where did the first civilizations arise because of farming conditions? In river valleys 34) In 612 B.C. the Chaldeans defeated whom? Assyria

20. 35) A mixture of copper and tin is called – bronze 36) The Assyrian Empire’s capital city – Nineveh

21. 37) One who studies the stars and planets – astronomer • 38) a political district – province

22. 39) a group of traveling merchants – caravan • 40) Chaldean king who rebuilt Babylon – Nebuchadnezzar

23. 41) The existence of shrines in Catalhuyuk is evidence that religion was becoming an important part of people’s lives.

24. 42) Times of extreme cold when great sheets of ice covered parts of the earth were the ice ages.

25. Extra Credit 43) In your opinion, which Sumerian invention has had the most significant effect on later civilizations? Explain your answer and provide factual support.