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Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System in Detail

Understand the intricate structures of the male reproductive system including the testis, tunics, interstitial tissue, Leydig cells, seminiferous tubules, Sertoli cells, spermatogenesis, and genital ducts.

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Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System in Detail

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  1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

  2. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

  3. (Corpus spongiosum)

  4. Ductuli

  5. TESTIS

  6. TESTIS • Stroma: 1- Tunica vaginalis. 2- Tunica albuginea. 3- Tunica vasculosa. 4- Septa. 5- Interstitial tissue. (B) Parenchyma: 1- Seminiferous tubules. 2- Interstitial cells of Leydig.

  7. STROMA OF THE TESTIS

  8. TUNICA VAGINALIS • It is the visceral layer of serous sac. • It is formed of mesothelial cells. • It is found in the anterior & lateral surfaces of the testis.

  9. TUNICA ALBUGINEA • Dense irregular collagenous C.T.

  10. TUNICA VASCULOSA • It is formed of loose vascular C.T. • Lininig The Tunica albuginea • And surrounding the septa.

  11. SEPTA OF THE TESTIS • Dense irregular collagenous C.T. • Incomplete non-branching septa. • Radiate from mediastinum testis. • Divide the testis into about 250 intercommunicating compartments (testicular lobules= lobuli testis).

  12. INERSTITIAL TISSUE • Loose vascular C.T. in between the seminiferous tubules. • Contents: 1- Loose vascular C.T. (mention). 2- Interstitial cells of Leydig.

  13. INTERSTITIAL TISSUE

  14. PARENCHYMA OF THE TESTIS • Seminiferous tubules. • Interstitial cells of Leydig.

  15. INTERSTITIAL CELLS OF LEYDIG(L/M) Are rounded or polygonal. Are found singly or in groups. Nucleus: Central, rounded, vesicular With prominent nucleolus. Some cells are binucleated. Cytoplasm: Pale, acidophilic & vacuolated.

  16. INTERSTITIAL CELLS OF LEYDIG(E/M) Abundant sER. Mitochondria: Numerous, With tubular cristae. Numerous lipid droplets. Some rER. Crystals of Reinke. FUNCTION: Secrete testosterone.

  17. SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES • 1-4 seminiferous tubules in each testicular lobule. • Each is lined with seminiferous epithelium. • Seminiferous epithelium contains 2 types of cells: 1- Spermatogenic cells (are germ cells). 2- Sertoli cells (are somatic cells). • Each is surrounded by: 1- Basement membrane. 2- Tunica propria: C.T. layer (collagen fibers + fibroblasts) which contains 1-2 layers of Myoid cells. Myoid cells are not found in man.

  18. SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE

  19. SERTOLI CELLS

  20. SERTOLI CELL (E/M)

  21. SERTOLI CELL (L/M) Are tall columnar cells (or pyramidal cells). Have ill-defined lateral cell boundaries. “ “ “ apex. Nucleus: Basal, Vesicular, Irregular (why? Infoldings), With prominent nucleolus. Cytoplasm: Pale basophilic.

  22. SERTOLI CELLS (E/M) sER: ++++ rER: limited Golgi apparatus: well-developed Mitochondria: Numerous Lysosomes: Numerous Cytoskeletal elements: Abundant Crystalloids of Charcott-Boettcher Occluding junctions (Zonula type)

  23. SERTOLI CELLS Functions: 1- Support & Nutrition of spermatogenic cells. 2- Phagocytosis. 3- Secretion: Testicular fluid, ABP, Inhibin H. 4- Formation of blood-testis barrier.

  24. SERTOLI CELLS Dividability: Can not divide in reproductive period.

  25. BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER • It is composed by attachment of processes of the lateral borders of adjacent Sertoli cells by zonula occluding (tight) junctions. • It divides spermatogenic cells into 2 compartments: 1- Basal compartment: contains spermatogonia. 2-Adluminal compartment: contains the other spermatogenic cells. • Function: 1- It prevents autoimmune infertility. 2- It protects spermatocytes from drugs and toxic materials.

  26. SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE

  27. SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE

  28. SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE

  29. SPERMATOGENIC CELLS • (1) Spermatogonia: - Type A Spermatogonia: Dark type A Pale type A - Type B Spermatogonia. • (2) 1ry Spermatocytes. • (3) 2ry Spermatocytes. • (4) Spermatids: early & late. • (5) Spermatozoa.

  30. SPERMIOGENESIS

  31. SPERMIOGENESIS • Definition: Transformation of spermatids into spermatozoa. • Features: 1- Formation of acrosome. 2- Nucleus: Condensation, elongation, slight flattening, acrosomal cap (head cap). 3- Development of flagellum. 4- Formation of mitochondrial sheath. 5- Loss of much cytoplasm: Cytoplasmic residual bodies→ Are phagocytosed by Sertoli cells.

  32. INTRATESTICULAR GENITALDUCTS Ductuli

  33. INTRATESTICULAR GENITAL DUCTS 1- Tubuli recti. 2- Rete testis. 3- Ductuli efferentes (Vasa efferentia).

  34. TUBULI RECTI • Epithelium: Initial segment: Sertoli-like cells. Distal segment: simple cuboidal epith.

  35. RETE TESTIS • Epithelium: Simple cuboidal epithelium.

  36. DUCTULI EFFERENTES • No: 10-20. • Structure: 1- Epithelium: Patches of simple cuboidal cells(Absorptive) alternating with regions of ciliated columnar cells. 2- C.T. layerwith few circularly-arranged SMFs.

  37. EXTRATESTICULAR GENITAL DUCTS (Corpus spongiosum)

  38. EXTRATESTICULAR GENITAL DUCTS 1- Ductus epididymis. 2- “ deferens (Vas deferens). 3- Ejaculatory duct.

  39. EPIDIDYMIS

  40. EPIDIDYMIS

  41. EPIDIDYMIS(DUCTUS EPIDIDYMIS) • Head + Body + Tail. • Structure: • Epithelium: Ps. Str. Col. E. with stereocilia. (E/M of stereocilia: Long, branched, non-motile microvilli). (2) Basal lamina. (3) Loose C.T. (4) Layer of circularly-arranged SMFs.

  42. V Vas (ductus) Deferens

  43. DUCTUS DEFERENS(VAS DEFERENS) (1) Epithelium: Ps. Str. Col. E with stereocilia (2) Basal lamina. (3) Loose C.T. (Loose fibroelastic C.T.). N.B. Lumen is irregular- why? Mucosa has longitudinal folds. (4) Thick smooth muscle coat ( 3 layers): Inner longitudinal muscle layer. Middle circular “ “ . Outer longitudinal “ “ . (5) Adventitia: Loose fibroelastic C.T. N.B. Ampulla has highly folded, thickened epithelium.

  44. EJACULATORY DUCT • Epithelium: Simple columnar epithelium. (2) Subepithelial C.T.: is folded. N.B. No smooth muscle in its wall.

  45. ACCESSORY GENITAL GLANDS 1- Seminal vesicles (No.: 2). 2- Prostate. 3- Bulbourethral glands ( No.: 2).

  46. SEMINAL VESICLE

  47. SEMINAL VESICLE

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