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Photography History

Photography History. Two vital element in Photography. Question#1 Optical: Lenses captures light Chemicals: Allowed photographers to process their negatives and prints. Camera Obscura. Question# 2 Latin for dark room. People using this technology. Aristotle (c. 300 BC).

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Photography History

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  1. Photography History

  2. Two vital element in Photography Question#1 • Optical: Lenses captures light • Chemicals: Allowed photographers to process their negatives and prints

  3. Camera Obscura Question# 2 • Latin for dark room. • People using this technology. • Aristotle (c. 300 BC). • Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519). The camera obscura(Lat.dark chamber) • Arabian scholar Hassan ibn Hassan in the 10th century • Later another device that will aid in drawing will be developed in the 1800’s call the Camera Lucida

  4. Camera Obscura • Optical device used in drawing, • Contributed toward the invention of photography. • Photographic devices today are still known as "cameras".

  5. Joseph Nicéphore Niépce • 1816-1818, experiments combining Camera Obscura with light-sensitive paper, failures • Found that Silver Nitrate and Silver Chloride would turn black when struck by light. • 1818, image fixed for 3 months • He ran out of money and in poor health. • He stopped short of producing a permanent image.

  6. William Henry Fox Talbot Question#3 • Title: William Henry Fox Talbot. (1800-1877) • In England, Talbot creates permanent (negative) images using paper soaked in silver chloride and fixed with a salt solution. • Perfected the Calotype process

  7. Calotype Process • photogenic drawing • First to produce a negative image. • not as bright or as detailed as daguerreotype • multiple copies could be made • Image quality is a little soft and unsharp

  8. Louis JacquesMande Daguerre (pronounced Dagair) • Title: Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre. (1787-1851) • dioramas (Diorama) • interest in lenses • 1829: after several years of back and forth, Niépce and Daguerre team up. • 1833: Niépce dies, penniless. • Daguerre first to make a positive image as mercury vapor was used to produce an image formed on a silver coated copper sheet made sensitive to light • Question # 4

  9. Daguerreotype Process • Mirrorlike surface, negative from certain angles delicate, in thick glass • No multiple prints • Could not capture motion • 5-40 minute exposure time • Initially, not practical for portraits

  10. Early Photography Question #5 • Early Photography consisted mostly of pictures of Famous People and Out Doors

  11. Frederick Scott Archer Collodion (wet plate) process Question#6 • Frederick Scott Archer invents Collodion process (but doesn’t patent)

  12. Collodion Process • This process replaces Daguerrotype • The definite advantage was that the collodion plate had a depth of detail and sharpness unprecedented exposed and developed inside the camera. • reduced exposure time to just a few seconds • brought portraiture to the people (tintype)

  13. REVIEW • People just covered • DaVinci - lenses • Niepce - chemical • Talbot - Calotype process • Daguerre - Daguerreotype process • Morse - most famous Daguerrotypist • Archer - Collodion process • Process just covered • Calotype – perfected by Talbot • Daguerretype – developed by Daguerre • Collodion – developed by Archer

  14. Matthew Brady Question #7 • Title: Mathew Brady, 1875 • taught by Samuel Morse • had portrait studios in New York and Washington DC • portrait photographers’ pictures of soldiers • 1862, closed studios, went to photograph the Civil War

  15. Matthew Brady • Title: First Battle of Bull Run, 1861 • was probably one of the greatest of photographic documentary photographers • by end of Civil War, his team had taken over 7000 negatives • didn’t ignore harsh reality • public wasn’t ready for stark brutality of images

  16. Darkroom of the Civil War Question #8 • The Civil War Darkroom was a Covered Wagon • Very mobile • Used by • Brady • Gardner • O’Sullivan • W.H. Jackson

  17. Photography more than a portrait Question # 9 - William Henry Jackson photographed the frontier http://www.andrewsmithgallery.com/exhibitions/whjackson/index.htm • Yellowstone Park • Helped to create Yellowstone as a park once viewed by Congress Yellowstone Park

  18. What was just covered • Photography came out of the studio • Real life pictures were documenting current events • Photography persuades public opinion

  19. Joseph Muybridge • 1871 Invention of the moveable shutter • Had a bet with Leyland Stanford that a horse in full stride did not have all four feet off the ground. • In 1878 Muybridge proved the horse bunched the legs under it belly at full stride. • The techniques eventually lead to motion pictures.

  20. Horse Running Question # 10 • Click here to see horse video.

  21. George Eastman Question # 11 • Title: A 1954 U.S. stamp featuring George Eastman. 1888 • Photo paper could be purchased instead of made by hand. • $25 camera. $10 have photos developed.

  22. Kodak #1 camera, Question # 12 • Photo taken with Kodak #1 camera, 1890 • Took 100 photos • The entire camera was sent back to Kodak for developing • By the end of the century camera clubs were flourishing

  23. What we just covered • Photography was capable caputuring multiple images • Kodak put cameras in the hands of common people • “Snapshot” clubs developed

  24. Alfred Stieglits Question # 13 • Top: self-portrait of Alfred Stieglits • Bottom: everyday life • Stieglits produced emotional glimpses of everyday life. • “Documentary” Photography born • Champion of • “Straight Photography”

  25. Photo as a means of expression Question # 14 • Light meter invented 1930 • Half-tone process created and used in the mass production of books and magazines • History has now become visual as well as verbal. Question # 15 • Life Magazine is the birth of “Photojournalism”. • Vogue Magazine used the camera as a platform for fashion.

  26. What we just covered • Everyday life is photographed • Documentary photography is developed • The light meter was developed • Mass production of photos is capable due to the half-tone process • Life and Vogue magazine have photos as their magazine foundation.

  27. Ansel Adams Question # 16 • Title: • Ansel Adams, • El Capitan, Winter • Ansel Adams and Fred Archer are credited with creating the zone system • Adams is primarily associated with Yosemite Valley, Ca. imagery.

  28. Diane Arbus Question # 17 • She took her camera places where people we afraid to go. • Mental hospitals • Physical deformities

  29. The Big Picture of Photography • Expression of art as well as science • Portraits - Talbot • Document history – Brady • Motion pictures developed out of photography - Horse • Kodak put the camera in the hands of all - Eastman • Everyday life documented - Stieglitz • Books/Magazines used photography for their products/beliefs - Life/Vogue • Landscape was explored – Ansel Adams • The physical surroundings were invistigated both human and natural – Diane Arbus

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