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The EVALUATE project

E nergy v ulner a bi l ity and u rban tr a nsi t ions in Europ e (EVALUATE) Professor Stefan Bouzarovski Chair, EU Energy Poverty Observatory Chair, ENGAGER COST Network University of Manchester / University of Bergen. The EVALUATE project.

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The EVALUATE project

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  1. Energy vulnerability and urbantransitions in Europe (EVALUATE)Professor Stefan BouzarovskiChair, EU Energy Poverty ObservatoryChair, ENGAGER COST NetworkUniversity of Manchester / University of Bergen

  2. The EVALUATE project • AIM: To establish the driving forces of urban energy poverty, and to determine which types of households are vulnerable to the condition • Energy (or fuel) poverty is the inability to achieve energy services in the homeup to a ‘socially- and materially-necessitated level’ (Bouzarovski et al. 2011) • Particularly pronounced and on the rise in Eastern and Central Europe • Under-researched as a whole; urban context is particularly unknown

  3. Addressing energy poverty’s invisibility and compartmentalization

  4. Theoretical positioning: From fuel poverty to energy vulnerability • Energy/fuel poverty = descriptor of a state • Energy vulnerability = the riskof falling into energy poverty • Studying energy vulnerability means examining the broader conditions and dynamics that (re)produce energy poverty, and how these are distributedacross space and time Access Affordability Flexibility Energy efficiency Practices Needs Time (Bouzarovski and Petrova, 2015)

  5. Institutions Survey of secondary written evidenceTwo sets of interviews with more than 170 policy-makers, business representatives and NGO activists across EuropeStrategic-relational approach, Governance mapping What is the role of state policy and energy regulation in creating vulnerability to energy poverty? • Collection of dedicated state statistical data on household expenditure and well-being • Local surveys with 2435 households • Energy diaries, semi-structured interviews and audits with 160 households • Statistical modelling (Multiple regressions and cluster analyses) • Qualitative coding, compensating variation, social network mapping Households What are the socio-demographic features of urban households vulnerable to energy poverty? Buildings How do residential energy efficiency and the built structure of the home cause energy poverty? Six separate datasets created

  6. Multi-sited studies including various spatial scales

  7. Time Data gathering Analysis/outcomes Literature review, RF recruitment, gathering of secondary written evidence and national statistical dataExpert interviewsIdentification of study areas Y1 Analysis of data; Workshop in Brussels; Stakeholder workshops Y2 Questionnaire surveys Y3 Analysis of data; Papers, reports; policy briefings; ECR workshops In-depth household interviews, energy diaries and efficiency audits Y4 Cumulative analyses; Papers, reports, monograph, edited volume; policy briefings; final symposium Gathering of secondary written evidence and national statistical dataExpert interviews Y5

  8. Selected academic contributions (1) • Theorizing energy vulnerability as a socially, spatially and institutionally conditioned phenomenon, operating at multiple scales (Bouzarovski and Tirado Herrero 2017 –Post Communist Economies, Bouzarovski et al 2017 –Geografiska Annaler B, Bouzarovski and Cauvain 2016 –Space and Polity, Bouzarovski et al 2016 –Local Environment) • Conceptualizing and identifying the European energy divide (Bouzarovski 2014 –Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Bouzarovski and Tirado Herrero 2017 –European Urban and Regional Studies) • ‘De-colonizing’ energy poverty: domestic energy deprivation as a global phenomenon (Bouzarovski and Petrova 2015 –Energy Research and Social Science)

  9. Selected academic contributions (2) • Uncovering ‘rolling’ path dependencies (Bouzarovski et al 2016 –Eurasian Geography and Economics) • Spatializing energy justice: a geographic perspective on energy inequality (Bouzarovski and Simcock 2017 –Energy Policy) • Energy vulnerability as a neighbourhood-level phenomenon (Bouzarovski and Thomson 2017 –Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers) • Theorizing low-carbon transformation and gentrification (Bouzarovski and Frankowski 2018 –International Journal of Urban and Regional Research)

  10. Energy poverty index = (0.5 x % Inability to keep home adequately warm + 0.25 x % Arrears on utility bills + 0.25 x %Housing faults) x 100

  11. Distribution of energy burdens by income, case study areas

  12. Data point diameters are proportional to the share of households with incomes lower than two thirds of the national mean (corresponding figures are indicated in parentheses next to the case study area codes).

  13. Energy-poverty related housing symptoms, case study areas

  14. Energy vulnerability-related household strategies, case study areas

  15. Key findings • ‘Energy poverty divide’ between core and periphery • Inflationary character of energy and gas prices • Importance of a wider range of energy services, beyond space heating • Correlation between income and self-reported indicators not always clear • Energy poverty bound up with neighbourhood trajectories

  16. Energy poverty implications of low carbon transformations • EU Energy Poverty Observatory • European Energy Poverty: Agenda Co-Creation and Knowledge Innovation (ENGAGER) network

  17. THANK YOUurban-energy.org@stefanbuzar#EPOV#energyvulnerability

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