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Just-in-Time and Lean Operations

Just-in-Time and Lean Operations. Developments of JIT and Lean Operations. 1960’s: Developed as Toyota Production System by Taiichi Ohno and his colleagues 1970’s: U.S. and European auto makers began to apply JIT to improve quality and productivity

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Just-in-Time and Lean Operations

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  1. Just-in-Time and Lean Operations

  2. Developments of JIT and Lean Operations • 1960’s: Developed as Toyota Production System by Taiichi Ohno and his colleagues • 1970’s: U.S. and European auto makers began to apply JIT to improve quality and productivity • 1990’s and beyond: Expanded the JIT concept to streamline all types of operations

  3. Definition of JIT • A set of techniques to increase, productivity, improve quality, and reduce cost of an operations • A management philosophy to promote elimination of waste and continuous improvement of productivity

  4. What Could Be the Expected Benefits of JIT?

  5. Main Elements of JIT • Elimination of waste • Quality at the source • Balanced and flexible work flow • Respect for people • Continuous improvement (Kaizen) • Simplification and visual control • Focus on customer needs • Partnerships with key suppliers

  6. What is A “Waste?”

  7. Why is Inventory Reduction Important?

  8. Quality at the Source • Jidoka – autonomation (automatic detection of defects, e.g., Poka-yoke) • Employee empowerment • Statistical process control • Prevention orientation (elimination of root causes through PDSA cycle)

  9. Balanced and Flexible Work Flow • Yo-i-don (ready, set, go) system • Stable production schedule • Set-up time reduction • Flow-shop and cellular layouts • Shojinka (flexible & multi-skilled workforce) • Teamwork • Total productive maintenance (TPM)

  10. Respect for People • Productivity improvement needs employee support • Demonstrate by • providing cross-training opportunities • creating a safe and equitable work environment • encouraging people to achieve their potential by giving them greater responsibility and authority • promoting teamwork (formal and informal) • developing partnerships with unions

  11. Continuous Improvement (Kaizen) • Employee suggestion system • Process improvement • 5S’s • Seiri - organization • Seiton - tidiness • Seiso - purity • Seiketsu - cleanliness • Shitsuke - discipline

  12. Simplification and Visual Control • Standard and simple product designs • Andon boards • Kanban pull system • Flag systems • Music as signals • Performance display systems

  13. Focus on Customer Needs • Customer needs determine the “value” of a product or service • Be responsive to customers needs (present and future) • Strive to “delight,” not just “satisfy” customers

  14. Partnerships with Suppliers • Reduce number of suppliers • Use long-term contracts • Emphasize price, delivery, and services • Improve communication • Share information • Develop local just-in-time delivery • Provide technical support to suppliers

  15. JIT Implementation • Top management commitment • Steering committee • Education program • Pilot project planning • Employee training • Pilot implementation • Pilot post mortem • Feedback to steering committee • Expansion to next project

  16. Advancements in JIT (JIT II) • Backwards Integration of staff and line functions to suppliers (e.g., purchasing) • Requires EDI or web access to materials and logistics systems • On-site supplier representative(s) with transaction processing authority • Goal: link suppliers’ cycle to firm’s cycle to mutually reduce wait and move times

  17. How Can JIT Be Applied to Non-Manufacturing Operations?

  18. What Are Toyota’s Secrets of Success?

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