Please sit in your assigned seats and quietly follow the directions below:

1. Please sit in your assigned seats and quietly follow the directions below: Please answer the following question in your bell ringer notebook: Based on the 1754 cartoon by Benjamin Franklin, what was MOST LIKELY his perspective on the balance between the state and national governments? A) Organizing states into a nation is impossibly difficult. B) A country assembled of states is sure to be treacherous. C) States need to cooperate for the national good to prosper. D) Countries are made of states that cannot be made to cooperate.

2. Please sit in your assigned seats and quietly follow the directions below:Answer the following question in your bell ringer notebook: The American government is divided into the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Which European philosopher is credited with the idea of this "separation of powers?" A) John Locke B) Thomas Jefferson C) Baron de Montesquieu D) Jean Jacques Rousseau

3. Examine the documents and find similarities and differences between the Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of Man and Citizen Analyze the documents explain why how the French were influenced by the United States, and why the French Declaration of Man and Citizen was based on the Declaration of Independence You need AT LEAST 3 similarities and 2 differences. This should be AT LEAST ¾ of a page, with complete sentences and correct grammar. Step 1: Research the documents and find your evidence (in pairs or individual) Complete the writing assignment (INDIVIDUAL)

4. USHC Standard 1: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the conflicts between regional and national interest in the development of democracy in the United States. USHC 1.4: Analyze how dissatisfactions with the government under the Articles of Confederation were addressed with the writing of the Constitution of 1787, including the debates and compromises reached at the Philadelphia Convention and the ratification of the Constitution. Articles of Confederation

5. After the revolution, Americans established a government under the Articles of Confederation to protect the rights they had fought for during the war Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? • differences among the various states • the threat of civil unrest o Shay’s Rebellion: an armed uprising that took place in central and western Massachusetts in 1786 and 1787 MAIN IDEA: The greatest problem with the Articles of Confederation was the inability of the weak central government to meet the needs of the nation

7. Why did the Continental Congress create a weak central government under the Articles of Confederation? 1. The lack of a strong central government under the Articles of Confederation was a direct result of the experiences that led to the American Revolution 2. Because the Americans were fighting to preserve the rights of their colonial assemblies, they believed sovereignty rested in their state governments and developed a confederation of the thirteen states to unite to fight the war 3. Under the Articles, authority rested in the states, not in the central government

9. How did they fix it? A new government under the Constitution was designed to address the flaws in the Articles of Confederation

10. Successes of the Articles of Confederation: 1. One of the first acts of the Confederation government was to establish a method for distribution of colonial land claims in the west through the Land Ordinances and set the precedent for the creation of new states through the Northwest Ordinances. a. Land Ordinances: i. 1784: called for the land in the recently-created United States of America west of the Appalachian Mountains, north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River to be divided into separate states ii. 1785: the immediate goal of the ordinance was to raise money through the sale of land in the largely unmapped territory west of the original states acquired at the 1783 after the end of the Revolutionary War

11. b. Northwest Ordinance: the primary effect of the ordinance was the creation of the Northwest Territory as the first organized territory of the United States out of the region south of the Great Lakes, north and west of the Ohio River, and east of the Mississippi River

13. 2. The Confederation government was effective under the Second Continental Congress during the American Revolution when the states had a common cause. 3. The Confederation was satisfactory at the state level as states wrote new constitutions and passed laws that met their needs.

14. 4. The Confederation government was successful in negotiating the Treaty of Paris in 1781. a. Treaty of Paris: signed on September 3, 1783, ended the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain on one side and the United States of America and its allies on the other