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The Status of LHCb

S. Stone May, 2009. The Status of LHCb. The LHCb Collaboration. 800 Physicists 54 Institutes 15 Countries 1 Group from USA

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The Status of LHCb

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  1. S. Stone May, 2009 The Status of LHCb American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  2. The LHCb Collaboration • 800 Physicists • 54 Institutes • 15 Countries • 1 Group from USA • Basking in light of 2008 Nobel Prize to Kobayshi & Maskawa, “for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least 3 families of quarks” American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  3. Quark Mixing & the CKM Matrix mass d s b u c m a s s t • A, l, r and h are in the Standard Model fundamental constants of nature like G, or aEM • h multiplies i and is responsible for CP violation • We know l=0.22 (Vus), A~0.8; constraints on r & h American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  4. Current Status of CP & Other Measurements • SM CKM parameters are: A~0.8, l=0.22, r & h • CKM Fitter results using CP violation in J/y KS,r+r-, DK-, KL, & Vub,Vcb& DMq • The overlap region includes CL>95% • Similar situation using UTFIT • Measurements “consistent” Note: r = r(1-l2/2) h = h(1-l2/2) American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  5. What don’t we know: Physics Beyond the Standard Model American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  6. Physics Beyond the Standard Model • Baryogensis: CPV measurements thus far indicate (nB-nB)/ng = ~6x10-10, while SM can provide only ~10-20. Thus New Physics must exist • Dark Matter • Hierarchy Problem: We don’t understand how we get from the Planck scale of Energy ~1019GeV to the Electroweak Scale ~100 GeV without “fine tuning” quantum corrections Gravitational lensing American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  7. Flavor Problems • Why do the fermions have their specific masses? Why are the masses in general smaller than the electroweak scale? • Why do the mixing angles (the CKM matrix elements) have their specific values? • Is there a new theory that relates the CKM matrix elements to masses? • What is the relationship between the CKM matrix and the neutrino mixing matrix? American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  8. Vcb or Vub Limits on New Physics • What we observe is the sum of Standard Model + New Physics. How to set limits on NP? • Assume that tree level diagrams are dominated by SM and loop diagrams could contain NP Tree diagram example Loop diagram example American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  9. Tree Level Only • Tree diagrams are unlikely to be affected by physics beyond the Standard Model American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  10. CP Violation in Bo & Ko Only • Absorptive (Imaginary) of mixing diagram should be sensitive to New Physics American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  11. They are Consistent American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  12. Limits on New Physics From Bo Mixing • Is there NP in Bo-Bo mixing? • Assume NP in tree decays is negligible, so no NP in |Vij|, g from B-DoK-. • Allow NP in m, weak phases, ASL, & G. 95% c. l. • Room for new physics, in fact • SM is only at 5% c.l. American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  13. Limits on New Physics From BS Mixing • Similarly for BS • One CP Violation measurement using BSJ/  • Here again SM is only at 5% c.l. • Much more room for NP due to less precise measurements American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  14. New Physics Models • There is, in fact, still lots of room for “generic” NP • What do specific models predict? • Supersymmetry: many, many different models • Extra Dimensions:  • Little Higgs:  • Left-Right symmetric models  • 4th Generation models  • NP must affect every process; the amount tells us what the NP is (“DNA footprint”) • Lets go through some examples, many other interesting cases exist American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  15. Supersymmetry: MSSM • Contributions to direct CP violating decay B-fK- Asym=(MW/msquark)2sin(fm), ~0 in SM • MSSM from Hinchcliff & Kersting(hep-ph/0003090) • Contributions to Bs mixing BsJ/yfoor f measures CP violating  -2s fo, f CP asymmetry  0.1sinfmcosfAsin(Dmst), ~10 x SM American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  16. Supersymmetry: SU(5) &U(2) • -2bScan deviate from the “SM” value of -0.036 in SU(5) GUT non-degenerate case, and the U(2) model. From Okada’s talk at BNMII, Nara Women’s Univ. Dec., 2006 SU(5) GUT Degenerate SU(5) GUT Non-degenerate U(2) FS -2bS American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  17. Extra Dimensions • Using ACD model of 1 universal extra dimension, a MFV model, Colangelo et al predict a shift in the zero of the forward-backward asymmetry in B→K*m+m- • Insensitive to choice of form-factors. Can SM calculations improve? SM prediction form-factor 2 SM prediction form-factor 1 AFB American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  18. The LHCb Detector American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  19. Detector Requirements - General • Every modern heavy quark experiment needs: • Vertexing: to measure decay points and reduce backgrounds, especially at hadron colliders • Particle Identification: to eliminate insidious backgrounds from one mode to another where kinematical separation is not sufficient • Muon & electron identification because of the importance of semileptonic & leptonic final states including J/y decay • g, po & h detection • Triggering, especially at hadronic colliders • High speed DAQ coupled to large computing for data processing • An accelerator capable of producing a large rate of b’s American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  20. Basics For Sensitivities • # of b’s into detector acceptance • Triggering • Flavor tagging • Background reduction • Good mass resolution • Good decay time resolution • Particle Identification American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  21. The Forward Direction at the LHC Pythia production cross section(14TeV) 100 mb 230 mb • In the forward region at LHC the bb production s is large • The hadrons containing the b & b quarks are both likely to be in the acceptance • LHCb uses the forward direction, 4.9 > h >1.9, where the B’s are moving with considerable momentum ~100 GeV, thus minimizing multiple scattering • At L=2x1032/cm2-s, we get 1012 B hadrons in 107 sec pT h Production  Of B vs B q B (rad) q B (rad) American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010 21

  22. The LHCb Detector American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  23. Detector Workings LHCb detector ~ fully installed and commissioned  walk through the detector using the example of a Bs→DsK decay American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  24. B-VertexMeasurement 144 mm 47 mm K K Bs K Ds  d~1cm 440 mm Example: Bs → Ds K s(t) ~40 fs f sensors R sensors Primary vertex Decay time resolution = 40 fs Vertex Locator (Velo) Silicon strip detector with ~ 5 mm hit resolution  30 mm IP resolution • Vertexing: • trigger on impact parameter • measurement of decay distance (time) American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  25. Momentum and Mass measurement p+, K Bs K K Ds  Primary vertex btag Momentum meas. + direction (VELO): Mass resolution for background suppression Mass resolution s ~14 MeV Bs→ Ds K Bs →Ds p  American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  26. Hadron Identification RICH: K/p identification using Cherenkov light emission angle Bs → Ds K SS flavour tagging ,K Bs KK : 96.77 ± 0.06% pK : 3.94 ± 0.02% K K Ds  Primary vertex btag  • RICH1: 5 cm aerogel n=1.03 • 4 m3 C4F10 n=1.0014 RICH2: 100 m3 CF4 n=1.0005 American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  27. Particle identification and L0 trigger K Bs K Ds K  btag Primary vertex e h ECAL (inner modules): σ(E)/E ~ 8.2% /√E + 0.9% • Calorimeter system : • Identify electrons, hadrons, π0 ,γ • Level 0 trigger: high ET electron and hadron American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  28. Particle identification and L0 trigger K Bs K Ds K  btag Primary vertex m • Muon system: • Level 0 trigger: High Pt muons • OS flavour tagging American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  29. Triggering Trigger is crucial as σbb is less than 1% of total inelastic cross section and B decays of interest typically have B< 10-5 40 MHz L0 m L0 had L0 e, g Level -0 • Hardware level (L0) Search for high-pT μ, e, γ and hadron candidates • Software level (High Level Trigger, HLT) Farm with O(2000) multi-core processors HLT1:Confirm L0 candidate with more complete info, add impact parameter and lifetime cuts HLT2: B reconstruction + selections 1 MHz ECAL Alley Had. Alley Muon Alley HLT1 High-Level Trigger 30 kHz Global reconstruction Inclusive selections m, m+track, mm, topological, charm, ϕ HLT2 & Exclusive selections 2 kHz Storage: Event size ~35kB American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  30. Commissioning American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  31. Commissioning with Cosmics • Challenge: LHCbis NOT suited for cosmics • “Horizontal” cosmics well below a Hz • Still 1.6x106good events (July – September 2008 ) recorded for Calorimeters & Muon • Alignment in time and space was done • L0 trigger parameters were set American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  32. A First Glimpse of LHC Protons • . LHCb@LHC Sector Tests • Beam 2 dumped on injection line beam stopper (TED) • 4 m tungsten, copper, aluminium, graphite rod in a 1m diameter iron casing • 340 m before LHCb along beam 2  • “Wrong” direction for LHCb • Centre of shower in upper right quadrant • High flux, centre of shower O(10) particles/cm2 • Vertex Locator O(0.1) particles/cm2 TI8 TED LHC American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  33. A First Glimpse of LHC Protons Scintillator Pad Detector Vertex Locator Muon : 70 candidates in average per shot Velo tracks, August 22, 2008 American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  34. The detector displacement from metrology usually is less than 10 m Module alignment precision is about 3.4 m for X and Y translation and 200 rad for Z rotation VELO Space Alignment with TED R residuals  residuals American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  35. LHCb Data • A few glimpses of real pp collision data (0.9 TeV) VELO partially closed American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  36. More LHCb Data American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  37. Some Interesting Measurements & Sensitivities LHCb expectations:  300 fb-1 in 2010 ~ 2 fb-1 for nominal yr ~ 10 fb-1 for “1st run” ~100 fb-1 for upgrade American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  38. General Strategy • Measure experimental observables sensitive to New Particles through their interference effects in processes mediated by loop diagrams, e.g. • CP violation via mixing • Example q b u,c,t W− W+ q u, c, t b American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010 Viq V*ib

  39. CP Asymmetry in BSJ/ f • Just as BoJ/ KS measuresCPV phase 2bBSJ/ f measures CPV BS mixing phase -2bS • Since this is a Vector-Vector final state, must do an angular (transversity) analysis • The width difference DGS/GS also enters in the fit • Combined current CDF & D0 results • LHCb will get 131,000 such events in 2 fb-1. Projected errors are ±0.03 rad in 2bS & ±0.013 in DGS/GS. [Will also use J/ fo(980)]  1sLHCb in 2 fb-1  American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  40. BS: Right-Handed currents • Define , zero in SM • Theory where AD=sin2y • Sensitivity (assume DGS/GS=0.12) • s(sin2y)=0.22 2fb-1 • s(sin2y)=0.10 10fb-1 • s(sin2y)=0.02 100fb-1 AD=0.4 AD=0 American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  41. BS→m+m- & Supersymmetry • Branching Ratio very sensitive to SUSY • In MSSM goes as tan6b SM Gaugino mass American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  42. BS→m+m- • With 10 fb-1 barely able to make significant SM level measurement • Precision measurement requires 100 fb-1 CDF+D0 expected 9 fb-1 5s measurement 3s measurement American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  43. BK*m+m- • Standard Model: • Supersymmetry: American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  44. B→K* • Described by three angles (ql, f, qK) and di-m invariant mass q2 • Forward-backward asymmetry AFBof qldistribution of particular interest: • Varies between different NP models → • At AFB = 0, the dominant theoretical uncertainty.fromBd→K*form-factors cancels at LO American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  45. B→K*+- • State-of-the art is recent 625 fb-1 Belle analysis ~ 250 K* arXiv:0904.07701 • CDF have ~20 events in 1 fb-1arXiv:0804.3908 • LHCb expects ~750 in 300 pb-1(with +- only) • ~7k events / 2fb-1 with B/S ~ 0.2. After 10 fb-1zero of AFB located to ±0.28 GeV2 American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  46. Other Angular Variables in K*m+m- • Supersymmetry(Egede, et al... arXiv:0807.2589) • Use functions of the transverse polarization i are form factors 10 fb-1 model 1 With more L can distinguish between different SUSY models in some cases American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  47. Exotic Searches • LHCb complements the ATLAS/CMS solid angle by concentrating at large h and low pt • Sensitive to “Exotic” particles decaying into lepton or quark jets, especially with lifetimes in the range of 500>t>1 ps. • We will show one example, that of “Hidden Valley” Higgs decay American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  48. Search for Hidden Valleys • New heavy Gauge sectors can augment the Standard Model (SM) as well SUSY etc.. • These sectors arise naturally in String theory • It takes Energy to excite them • They couple to SM via Z′ or heavy particle loops • From Strassler & Zurek [hep-ph/604261] American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  49. Search for Exotic Higgs Decays • Recall tension between predicted SM Higgs mass using Electroweak data & direct LEP limit • Limit is based on SM decays, would be void if there were other modes • Hidden Valley provides new scalars pov, allowing Ho povpov bb, with long lifetimes possible. American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

  50. Mass Resolutions • Expect a few thousand reconstructed decays in 2 fb-1 American Physical Society, Feb. 16, 2010

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