Geotechnical module capabilities

2. Geotechnical module capabilities • Geotechnical properties library for soils and rocks • Superficial Foundations • Deep Foundations • Retaining wall generation and design (Sheet Piles) • Underground structures (tunnels) • Slope stability analysis • Seepage analysis • Integration with FLAC3D (available in CivilFEM INTRO) • Other Capabilities

3. Soils and Rock Library • Library with mechanical, elastic and plastic properties of typical soils and rocks (around 100) • Definition and use of properties not considered by ANSYS (Atterberg limits, Hoek & Brown coefficients, etc.) • Correlations among geotechnical parameters from tests or analysis (elasticity modulus versus SPT, etc.) Soil classification according to Casagrande’s “Unified Classification System”

4. Soils and Rock Library Properties used in a structural analysis with Ansys. • The user can modify any material property

5. Soils and Rock Library Most common correlations among properties. CivilFEM database of correlations. Users can also define their own correlations!

6. Superficial Foundations • Footing and continuous foundations: • - 2D/3D soil-structure interaction models

7. Superficial Foundations • Slab Foundations: • - 3D soil-structure interaction models • - 3D Soil foundation stiffness models with calculation of precise, average, maximum and minimum values

8. Layered Soil Generation • Automatic generation of equivalent geometrical models of layered soils. Utility:Ballast module calculation and retaining walls. It takes into account the influence of water level Wh Definition of each layer property

9. Reinforced Soil • This reinforcement can be used to simulate: • Sheet or grid reinforcement • Strip reinforcement • Soil Nails • Reinforced slopes or Reinforced Soil walls CivilFEM will also help to design the reinforcement needed, by calculating if the maximum strength is reached or not. The common wedge sliding surface (more appropriate for this type of models) can be defined, although the generic polygonal or circular sliding surfaces are also available.

10. Soil Foundation Stiffness • Obtaining the theoretical value of the the soil foundation stiffness, by means of the Winkler model, according to the foundation geometry and earth properties. It allows obtaining the theoretical value of the ballast module for any foundation or earth configuration (including those with stratum). Ballast module distribution at each foundation point

11. Soil Foundation Stiffness The soil foundation stiffness distribution for different configurations of foundations

12. Soil Foundation Stiffness • The earth layers may be generated using the capability of soil generation. • The soil foundation stiffness (ballast module) value allows approximating the soil elastic behavior (E, ). Its use avoids the necessity of modeling the earth underneath the structure. • Furthermore, it may be obtained not only the precise value for each point but also the average, maximum and minimum values of the module throughout foundation. • The soil foundation stiffness values calculated by CivilFEM are automatically send to ANSYS for the following superstructure calculations with beams shells or solid elements.

13. Deep Foundations • Pile Cap Wizard: • - Automatic generation of rectangular, polygonal or circular pile groups

14. Deep Foundations • Pile Cap Wizard: • - Pre-Design of the Pile length

15. Deep Foundations • Pile Cap Wizard: • - Automatic calculation of the reinforcement amount required according to the selected code (punching, primary and secondary reinforcement of both sides • for rigid and non-rigid pile caps)

16. Deep Foundation Pile Wailing Load Test Load Test Reinforcement Design

17. Retaining Wall Calculation • CivilFEM performs retaining wall calculation using non-linear and evolving finite element models considering the changing with excavation level It takes into account the soil-structure interaction using non-linear springs with contact elements The wall may be considered as a non-linear structure and analyzed by the non-linear module of CivilFEM

18. Retaining Wall Calculation • Calculation of Sheet Piles 2D (automatic wizard) -3D • - Non-linear construction sequence analysis • - One or two sheet piles can be analysed simultaneously taking into account anchors, water level, layered soils, applied loads. The excavation or backfilling process can be visualized in each calculation step.

19. Retaining Wall Calculation • Calculation of Sheet Piles 2D (automatic wizard) -3D • - With any ANSYS and CivilFEM cross section • - Interaction with other structures

20. Retaining Wall Calculation • The systems generated may consist of one or two screens that can be integrated inside other ANSYS models like a subset. • The model is solved by means of an evolving calculation, where each calculation stage represents a step in excavation or backfill. • The reinforcement of the retaining walls can be later designed by CivilFEM. • With any ANSYS and CivilFEMcross section

21. ·Earth Pressures Automatic earth pressures on FE Models: • Dry and flooded earth • Active, Passive and at rest pressures • Pressures due to the earth weight and overload • Earth pressure for beam, shell or solid elements

22. Underground Structures (Tunnels) • Terrain Initial Stress • Hoek & Brown Failure Criteria (rocks) • Plastic Constitutive models: 2D/3D Drucker-Prager and 2D Mohr-Coulomb (plain strain) • Element Birth and Death capability (non-linear construction sequence analysis)

23. Tunnels (Terrain Initial Stress) • The program automatically calculates the initial stress state from the given topography and soil parameters. The initial stresses are stored in an ASCII file The created initial stress file is automatically introduced into the model using the ISFILE commandof ANSYS

24. Hoek-Brown Failure Criteria • Hoek & Brown parameters must be defined to perform the analysis according to Hoek & Brown. • They can be all modified by the user. • CivilFEM uses its own calculation routine to simulate the behavior of rock foundations following Hoek & Brown criteria. Only for rocks

25. Hoek-Brown Failure Criteria Example of Hoek-Brown failure criteria of a cylindrical hole

26. Underground Structures (Tunnels) • Element Birth and Death capability (non-linear construction sequence analysis)

27. Underground Structures (Tunnels) • Plastic Constitutive models: 2D/3D Drucker-Prager and 2D Mohr-Coulomb (plain strain)

28. Grid of centers for the Fellenius or Bishop Polygonal for Janbu Method Slope Stability (Classic Methods/FEM) • CivilFEM allows to calculate the safety factor against sliding phenomena in 2D models defined in ANSYS using Fellenius, Bishop, Morgestern-Price, U.S. Corps of Engineers or Janbu methods. • The user may also solve the model by finite elements and compute the factor of safety. Grid of centers defined by the user.

29. Slope Stability (Classic Methods/FEM) • Very easy and intuitive way of defining the slope, circles, polygons, water pressures lines, seismic action and so on.

30. Slope Stability • With just one calculation, it’s possible to visualize the results according to the different available methods.

31. Seepage Analysis • Calculating hydraulic heads and pore water pressures • Obtaining the saturation line for 2D problems • Exporting the obtained pore water pressure for slope stability analysis. The finite element mesh used in the two analyses can be different

32. Seepage Analysis

33. Integration with FLAC3D

34. Some Other Capabilities • Automatic Load Stepping to select suitable load increments • Large strains calculations to perform significant changes in the geometry • Plastic Constitutive models: 2D/3D Drucker-Prager and 2D Mohr Coulomb (plain strain), viscoplasticity, viscoelasticity, anisotropic plasticity, etc. • Safety factors defined as the ratio of the failure load to working load. • Powerful Post-processor: deformation, stresses, forces, reinforcement amounts, etc • 2D/3D Dynamic compaction, using the cycling loads • Improvement of soils:Birth and Death of elements features for jet grouting, gravel column.