Andrew Jackson: 1767 - 1845

1. Andrew Jackson: 1767 - 1845

2. Essential Question: Champion of the “Common Man”? “King”Andrew? OR

3. What were the democratic trends in the 19c?

4. Voting Requirements in the Early 19c

5. Voter Turnout: 1820 - 1860

6. Why Increased Democratization? • White male suffrage increased • Party nominating committees. • Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential electors. • Spoils system. • Rise of Third Parties. • Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.) • Two-party system returned in the 1832 election: • Dem-Reps  Natl. Reps.(1828)  Whigs (1832)  Republicans (1854) • Democrats (1828)

7. Jackson's Early Life

8. Jackson’s First Hermitage Residence

9. First Known Painting of Jackson, 1815

10. General Jackson During the Seminole Wars

11. Jackson's First Presidential Run

12. The “Common Man’s”Presidential Candidate

13. Jackson’s Opponents in 1824 Henry Clay[KY] John Quincy Adams[MA] John C. Calhoun[SC] William H. Crawford[GA]

14. Results of the 1824 Election A “Corrupt Bargain?”

15. What were the key issues in 1828?

16. Jackson’s Scar Rachel

17. Rachel Jackson Final Divorce Decree

18. Coffin Handbill Jackson’s Marriage

19. Jackson in Mourning for His Wife

20. 1828 Election Results

21. The Center of Population in theCountry Moves WEST

22. The New “Jackson Coalition” • The Planter Elite in the South • People on the Frontier • State Politicians – spoils system • Immigrants in the cities.

23. Jackson’s Faith in the “Common Man” • Intense distrust of Eastern“establishment,” monopolies, & special privilege. • His heart & soul was with the“plain folk.” • Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.

24. Was Jackson a“common man?”

25. The Reign of “King Mob”

26. President Jackson was known for opening up the White House to visitors of all classes. His inauguration party lasted for hours as throngs of people from packed streets pushed into the White House. This painting captures the rowdy scene with its broken furniture and stifling crowd. “King Mob” was so dangerous that Jackson had to be taken out through a window and it took an entire week to scrub and clean the White House after the party.

27. Andrew Jackson as President

28. President is the representative of the people. States’ Rights/Strict Construction/Small government (negative liberal state). Do not welcome economic and social change. People vs. Aristocracy, Moral view of society. Democratic Ideology

29. Jacksonian Democracy • Common people have more of a voice & candidates (“Coonskin Congressmen”) seek vote of ordinary man • Elected officials expected to be responsive to will of their “constituents” • SPOILS SYSTEM - a/k/a “patronage” • Appointing party supporters to political office • Rotation in office • Common man can do any job; distrusts experts • Differences between Jacksonian democracy and Jeffersonian democracy? • What social & political changes led to the rise of Jacksonian democracy?

31. The Nullification Issue

32. The Webster-Hayne Debate Sen. Daniel Webster[MA] Sen. Robert Hayne[SC]

33. 1830 Webster:Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable. Jackson:Our Federal Union—it must be preserved. Calhoun:The Union, next to our liberty, most dear.

34. The Tariff Issue

35. 1832 Tariff Conflict • 1828 -->“Tariff of Abomination” • 1832 --> new tariff • South Carolina’s reaction? • Jackson’s response? • Clay’s “Compromise” Tariff?

36. Nullification seems to be the only solution to SC – it would solve the problem of both abolitionism and protective tariffs This button was worn in support of nullification in South Carolina, 1832 Originally was blue, but has faded to white

37. South Carolina John C. Calhoun & his states’ rights theory Faulty because … SC nullifies Tariff of 1832 Jackson issues Proclamation to People of SC Defines nullification as “treason” No defiance of federal law will be permitted Threatens force Compromise: Tariff of 1833 = gradual tariff reductions Force Bill – gives P power to use force to stop treasonous activities SC repeals its Nullification Ordinance BUT then goes on & nullifies the Force Bill! Tariffs & Nullification

38. WEBSTER-HAYNE DEBATEJanuary 1830 – Western Land Policy

39. Jackson is the only President to beat up his own would-be assassin! Assassination Attempt, 1835

40. The Peggy Eaton Affair Ultimately causes the split between P Jackson and VP Calhoun

41. The “Peggy Eaton Affair”

42. The Duelist • May 30, 1806, future President Andrew Jackson kills a man who accused him of cheating on a horse race bet and then insulted his wife, Rachel. (Duel did not hurt Pres election, but Rachel’s Divorce was a big deal) • Contemporaries described Jackson, who had already served in Tennessee's Senate and was practicing law at the time of the duel, as argumentative, physically violent and fond of dueling to solve conflicts. Estimates of the number of duels in which Jackson participated ranged from five to 100.

43. Jackson's Native-American Policy

45. Indian Removal • Jackson’s Goal? • 1830 Indian Removal Act • Cherokee Nation v. GA(1831)* “domestic dependent nation” • Worcester v. GA(1832) • Jackson:John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!

46. The Cherokee Nation After 1820

47. Indian Removal

48. Early 19th century 5 southeastern nations Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cherokee, & Seminole Terrible and difficult journey from traditional lands in southeast to lands west of Mississippi (now Oklahoma) Thousands lost their lives on journeys Trail of Tears

49. Trail of Tears (1838-1839)

50. Jackson’s Professed “Love” forNative Americans