Understanding Phases of Matter and Their Physical Properties
300 likes | 497 Views
Explore the characteristics of matter, which can exist in solid, liquid, gas, and plasma states. Each state has unique physical properties: solids have a definite shape and volume, liquids have a definite volume but take the container's shape, gases fill available space with no definite volume or shape. Learn about the behavior of particles, including viscosity in liquids and pressure in gases. Understand the distinction between physical changes, which do not alter the substance's identity (like melting or dissolving), and chemical changes, which result in new substances with different properties.
Understanding Phases of Matter and Their Physical Properties
E N D
Presentation Transcript
Physical Properties • - characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance.
It is still made of exactly the same substance. • For example: • 1. cutting wood – it’s still wood • 2. Ice, water (liquid) & water vapor – still H2O
Phases of Matter • Matter can exist in 4 phases (states) • 1. solid • 2. liquid • 3. gas • 4. plasma
Solids • Two characteristics • 1. definite shape • 2. definite volume
WHY??? • The tiny particles that make up a solid are packed closely together. The particles cannot move far from their places. Therefore it is able to keep a definite shape.
Two types of arrangements. • 1. Crystalline solids: particles inside arranged in a regular, repeating pattern called a crystal. • Keep a definite shape
Amorphous solids: particles inside are not in a pattern. • Lose their shapes under certain conditions. • Examples: tar, candle wax and window glass
Liquids • DO NOT have a definite shape, but DO have a definite volume. • Liquids take the shape of the container they are in. • 1 liter is still one liter no matter what you put in it.
Particles are close together, but not as close as in a solid. • Particles are free to move – they flow around each other.
Viscosity • The resistance of a liquid to flow. • This is why some liquids flow more easily than others.
Gases • No definite shape • No definite volume
Gases • Fill all available space in a container
Gases • The particles can spread far apart or be packed very close together. • Particles can easily move around each other. • Particles of a gas are in constant motion.
Pressure • The effect of the collisions of particles with the environment it is in. • More collisions = high pressure • Fewer collisions = low pressure
Boyle’s Law • Boyles Law is the relationship between volume and pressure. • Deals with pressure and volume only. • States that if the volume of the gas decreases, the pressure increases; or if the volume increases, the pressure decreases.
Charles’ Law • Deals with volume and temperature only • If the temperature increases, the volume increases.
Plasma • Very high temperature to form • Rare on Earth • Found only in the laboratory or in space.
Physical Change • A change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties.
Examples: • Breaking a piece of chalk • Dissolving sugar • Melting ice • Mixing oil and vinegar
Physical changes do not change a substances identity. • Example: melting, freezing and evaporating.
Dissolving is a physical change. • Examples: sugar in water
Chemical Changes • A change that occurs when a substance changes composition by forming one or more new substances.
Examples of Chemical Changes • When a battery “dies” • When fruits and vegetables ripen • When you digest food • When you breathe oxygen
Chemical changes form new substances that have different properties. • Example: baking a cake
Chemical changes can be detected. • A change in color or odor • Fizzing or foaming • Production of sound, light or odor
