Revision

1. Revision 1.To see is to believe./Seeing isbelieving. 2.I have some clothes to wash /to be washed. 3.When I came in, he pretended to be reading. 4.He seems to have finished his work. 5.The book is said to have been put into Chinese 6.I got to the station ,only to find the train had left. 7.I’d like to have him repair my computer.

2. Grammar and usage Unit 2 -ing form

3. sleeping There are many __________ students in class. （定语） The lesson is_______. boring （表语） The students feel the lesson________ boring. （宾补） Feeling _______the lesson is boring, the students are sleepy. （状语）

4. 定语 功 能 表语 宾语补足语 状语

5. 时态和语态

6. 1、V-ing used as an adverb: • V-ing词组可以在句中充当时间、原 因、 结果、条件、伴随 、让步等状语。

7. 1. 作时间状语 -ing短语作时间状语一般置于句首。如： Hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. =When they heard the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. 当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。 收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。 ______________________________ I decided to write back. =__________________________, I decided to write back After I had received his letter， Having received his letter

8. Asking around , I find many people willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly. When I ask around __________________, I find many people willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly.

9. Having observed • _________________(observe) the problem for many years ,he announced that we are now facing the biggest environmental problem of our time. _____________________________________ years,he announced that we are now facing the biggest environmental problem of our time. After he had observed the problem for many , _____________________(criticize)by the teacher, he gave up smoking.      被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了 Having been criticized __________________________by the teacher, he gave up smoking After he had benn criticized 当现在分词短语用来表示时间时， 可以和when,after 等引导的时间状语从句互换

10. 2. 作原因状语 -ing短语作原因状语。如： Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep. =Because/since /as he was so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep. 因为太生气了，他不能入睡。 Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with him As /Because /Since we didn’t know her adress， _____________________________________________________________ we couldn’t get in touch with him

11. We are making bigger holes in the nets, • because we hope to avoid catching fish • that are not fully grown.= • We are making bigger holes in the nets, ________(hope) to avoid catching fish that are not fully grown. hoping Not knowing ____________(not know) what to do, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.不知道该做什么，我只好在家里等着 ____________________________,I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. As I didn’t know what to do

12. Having suffered • _______________(suffer) from heart disease for years, he had to take much medicine. • _________________________________ • ________________,he had to take much medicine As /Because he had suffered from heart desease for years

13. 3. 作条件状语 -ing作条件状语置于句首或句末。如： Working hard, you will succeed. =If you work hard, you will succeed. 如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。 注意：__________,and you will succeed. Work hard

14. 比较下面三个句子，体味其不同之处 Preparing • ___________(prepare) fully,we can achieve great things. • _________________,we can achieve great things. • __________________ ,and we can achieve great things. If we prepare fully Prepare fully 第一个句中we的前面可以加一个and 吗？ 为什么？ 当现在分词用来表示条件时，可以 和if引导的条件状语从句互换

15. 4. 作结果状语 The factory keeps releasing smoke, making the air dirty. • The factory keeps releasing smoke, • ———————————（非限制性定语从句） which makes the air dirty The factory keeps releasing smoke. ___________ the air is made dirty. As a result, She does exercise for anhour every day,causing her to keep a slim figure. She does exercise for an hour every day,____________her to keep a slim figure. She does exercise for an hour every day。____________,she keeps a slim figure. which causes As a result

16. leaving The couple went shopping. As a result, they left their eldest daughter alone at home. =The couple went shopping, ________ (leave)their eldest daughter alone at home. = The couple went shopping,__________ their eldest daughter alone at home. (用非限制性定语从句） which left 当现在分词短语用来表结果时，可以和 as a result 引导的结果状语从句互换。 也相当于which引导一个非限制性定语从句

17. 5. 作伴随状语 They came into the classroom, singing and laughing. =They sang and laughed; they came into the classroom.他们又唱又笑地走进教室。

18. following • The students came in,______________(follow)their teacher. • My cousin came to see me from the country,_____________ (bring)me a full basket of fresh fruits. bringing

19. 6. 作让步状语 -ing短语作让步状语，可置于句首或 句末，常与even if, though 连用。如： Though working from morning till night, his father didn’t get enough food. =Although his father worked from morning till night, he didn’t get enough food. 虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的。

20. 思考下面的句子： developing When ___________(develop) the economy,we have to take environmental protection into consideration.这是一个省略句，请补充完整 __________________________________, we have to take environmental protection into consideration. When we are developing the economy While __________in Beijing, he came to see me twice. =__________________________________, he came to see me twice. staying While he was staying in Beijing

21. 小 结: 1.连词+现在分词短语也可用来表示时间，常用的连词有when,while,相当于这些连引导的一个从句。

22. 2. 动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。

23. He traveled on the plane like this, keeping the tortoise hidden in a blanket. (keeping的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致，都是he) • _______ the bad news, he couldn’t help • bursting into tears. • Heard B. Having heard • C. Hearing D. Having been heard • _______ to the school building, the visitors were led to see the library. • Being shown B. Shown • C. Having been shown D. Having shown

24. Choose the correct sentence. 1. a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her face. b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly. 2. a. Entering the classroom, I found nobody in it. b. Entering the classroom, nobody was found in it. 3. a. Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful. b. Looking out through the window, we saw a beautiful garden. 4. a. Reading the evening newspaper, a dog started barking. b. I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.

25. 一般被动式 表示正在发生的被动动作,在句中作定语或 状语。 The car being repaired is mine. ＝The car which is being repaired is mine. Being repaired, the car can’t be used. ＝As/Because it is being repaired, the car can’t be used.

26. 完成主动式 1. Having finished her homework, she went to bed. 2. Having heard this, the woman astronaut expressed her satisfaction. 分词所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动 作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用，不能做 定语用。

27. 完成被动式： 表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动动作，在 句中多作状语，不能作定语。 Having been praised a second time ,I decided to make still greater progress. Having been asked to stay, I couldn’t very well leave.

28. 非谓语动词的否定式均为not+非谓语动词 现在分词的否定形式 not + 现在分词（完成的否定式not 放在having之前） Not knowing how to dye the silk red, he went to her for help. Not having heard from her son for a long time, the mother worried a great deal.

29. 一些独立结构，固定表达： 1. Generally ________( speak ), we have learnt a lot in this school. 2. _______(judge ) from his appearance, he is somebody. 3. _____( tell ) you the truth, your work is terrible. speaking Judging To tell

30. 1. _________a reply, he decided to write a sixth letter. A. Not receiving B. Not to receive C. Not having received D. Having not received 2. Alice returned from the manager’s office, _______me that the boss wanted to see me at once.（04 全国IV） A. having told B. tells C. to tell D. telling

31. 3. _______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 4. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ____________. A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on

32. 3. _______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 4. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ____________. A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on

33. 1. After seeing the movie, _____. A. the book was read by him B. the book made him want to read it C. he wanted to read the book D. the reading of the book interested him

34. 2. The next morning she found the man in bed, _____ dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 3. There was a terrible noise ____ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed

35. 4. The secretary worked late into the night, ____ a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing The secretary worked late into the night____ a long speech for the president. A

36. 5. John’s bad habit is _____ without thorough understanding.   A. read B. being read C. to be read D. reading 6. ___ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received

37. [考例1] A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _____ in the kitchen. （NMET 2003） • smoke B. smoking • C. to smoke D. smoked. 与高考同行 [考点] V-ing形式作宾语补足语。

38. [考例2] We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _____ that all children like these things. (2006全国卷III) A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought [考点] V-ing形式作原因状语。

39. [考例3] While watching television, _____. （2005全国卷II） A． the doorbell rang B． the doorbell rings C． we heard the doorbell ring D． we heard the doorbell rings [考点] 当分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。

40. [考例4] The old man, ______ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.(2004 江苏)A. to workB. workingC. to have workedD. having worked [考点] 当分词作时间状语时

41. [考例5] _____ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. （广东2004） • Not completing • B. Not completed • C. Not having completed • D. Having not completed [考点] 非谓语动词的否定形式

42. Practise • Complete the Ex. on P31 and Ex.C2 on P100.