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South America Ancient History

Explore the achievements and decline of Maya, Aztec, and Inca empires in South America's ancient history, focusing on their government, society, economy, and remarkable achievements in architecture and science.

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South America Ancient History

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  1. South America Ancient History

  2. Mesoamerican Empires • MESOAMERICAN LOCATION NOTABLE EMPIRE ACHIEVEMENTS Maya The Yucatan Peninsula, present-day Mexico, Belize, Guatemala Hieroglyphic writing, astronomy, calendar, math, team sports Inca Present-day Peru, Highway system, Ecuador, Chile central govt Aztec Present Mexico City Great Temple of Tenochititlan

  3. Mayan

  4. The Maya • Before cities, lived in villages grew corn, beans and squash • Slash-and-burn agriculture is burning vegetation to clear land for planting • Trade http://www.history.com/topics/maya/videos#the-mayans

  5. What about sandy???????

  6. Maya- Cities/ Government • Classic Age 250-900 AD built cities • Cities contained stone pyramids, temples, palaces (built honor gods/rulers) • City-states each had own ruler & govt • Linked in 2 ways 1. trade 2. warfare

  7. Maya- Society/ religion • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zul8w1RYypk • Kings great influence, believed kings communicate with gods • Worshipped many gods • Performed private/public rituals, blood to gods (piercing tongue/skin) • Playing Ball Game • Upper Class- Priests/ Warriors • Lower Class- Farmers/slaves

  8. Maya- Achievements • Impressive buildings and architecture • Astronomy, math, writing • Calendar system 365 day farming 260 day religious • #system- concept of zero • Glyphs-symbols represented objects/ sounds • Codex- written book

  9. Maya-Decline • 1. Environmental damage, overuse of resources/ drought • 2. Warfare competition over land • 3. Abuse of power

  10. Aztecs

  11. Aztecs • Legend- look for eagle perched on cactus eating snake, build city there • Lake Texcoco- Tenochtitlan • Formed alliance with other city-states • Pay tribute, type of tax, basis of economy • Military force destroy towns

  12. Aztec- Society/ Religion • King (Royal Family) • Priests (Interpreted calendar & performed religious ceremonies) • Merchants & Artisans (goods for tribute) • Farmers(poor, paid so much in tribute) • Slaves (captured/ didn’t pay debt)

  13. Aztec-achievements • Arts and science • Bright feathers into headdresses • Metalworkers (gold, silver, copper, jewelry/masks) • Stonework on temples • Writing tax records & business deals

  14. Inca

  15. Inca Empire • Began expansion from Andes 1400s • Leader was Pachacuti- used political alliances & military force gain territory • Height population around 12 million

  16. Inca Empire • Government • Emperor most power • Needed help, didn’twant people conquered to gain power • Moved in new leaders loyal to Inca Empire • Created stability • Military protected internal/ external attacks

  17. Inca Empire • Economy • Common people require to pay a labor tax called mita • Mitapaid by women weaving clothes, men work govt farms, mines • No markets but govt distributed food • Govt kept extra goods

  18. Inca Empire • Economy • Used quipu or set of colored and knotted cords keep track of goods • Colors and knots represented numbers or dates • No written language • Used quipu record tax records, livestock, population • Road system communication/ control economy

  19. Inca empire • Society • Ayllu-each family grouped into a cooperative community • Each group of 10 ayllus had a chief • Worked together on different tasks (farming, building canals, performing religious rituals)

  20. Inca empire • Society • Class divisions but no slaves • Lower Class farmers, artisans, servants( plain clothes, serve upper class) • Upper Class King, govt officials, priests (DO NOT pay labor tax) • Religion- worship Sun God, sacrifices of llamas, cloth, food

  21. Inca- achievements • Talented buildings (temples, forts, roads- still standing) • Art- metalwork • Weavers- wool & cotton (patterns status in society)

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