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Laura David, Roselle Borja , UPMSI

Climate Change and its effects on the integrity of the coastal s ystem. ML San Diego- McGlone , Ph.D. Faith Varona , TAO- Pilipinas. Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptability Assessment Tools. Mike Atrigenio Adopted from L. David’s and P. Alino’s Presentations

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Laura David, Roselle Borja , UPMSI

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  1. Climate Change and its effects on the integrity of the coastal system ML San Diego-McGlone, Ph.D. Faith Varona, TAO-Pilipinas Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptability Assessment Tools Mike Atrigenio Adopted from L. David’s and P. Alino’s Presentations UP Marine Science Institute Laura David, Roselle Borja, UPMSI

  2. The COASTAL ZONE Is the interface between land, sea and atmosphere. It contains natural systems that provide more than half of the global ecosystem goods (e.g., fish, oil, minerals) and services (e.g., natural protection from storms and tidal waves, recreation). In addition, 14 of the world’s 17 largest megacities are located along coasts and most of them (11) are located in Asia’s fastest growing economies. http://www.loicz.org/about_us/index.html.en

  3. Dynamic Environment – Changing Space through Time : Daily changes with TIDE Seasonal changes with STORMS Long-term changes - sediment transport F. Siringan

  4. So when we talk about Climate Change effects to the coasts • we are talking about • changes that affect the the frequency and intensity of these natural cycles or • changes beyond these natural cycles • More intense storms due to increased SST • Sea Level Rise

  5. When we talk about Climate Change effects to the coasts we are also talking about Impacts to system function that have consequence to human activities:

  6. The problem of climate change is the increase in frequency of bleaching events which do not allow for RECOVERY TIME with just a 0.3C increase per decade the number of bleaching incidents are expected to almost double

  7. Examples on impact to coastal resources: increase in ocean temperature leads to coral bleaching Eroded reef/ low diversity/ less fish Reef/ healthy cover/ more fish

  8. Photos: Mike Atrigenio

  9. Heliopora Sutherst 2000

  10. Hoegh-Guldberg et al. 2007

  11. Hoegh-Guldberg et al. 2007

  12. Response of reefs to sea level rise Source: Lecture 8 of MS 230 course, Dr. F.P. Siringan

  13. Aside from providing habitat for fish a Healthy Reef also acts as barrier Loss of Reef Spells more coastal erosion

  14. Coastal Erosion leads to these familiar faces of climate related disasters damaged by a strong typhoon leaving behind half concrete walls, floor slabs and a septic vault Other barriers such as a seawall can be put up to replace damaged reefs however, the current cost estimate of building a seawall is about 39.2 M PhP/km

  15. THUS ALSO AFFECTING BIODIVERSITY Biodiversity Zonation Laura T. David and Maricar Samson With seedlings being more susceptible Middle Seaward Landward

  16. All this will affect

  17. www.openclimate.org

  18. Adaptive Management through (MEMES) Motivating Ecosystem Management Enhancement Strategy Melbourne-Thomas et al. 2010

  19. Maintaining Coastal Integrity And Equitable Access • Restoring coastal protection • Effective erosion buffers • Sustaining coastal integrity • Thresholds maintained within acceptable limits vis-a-vis coastal erosion, sedimentation and thermal anomalies • Organizingcoastwatch • Reducing threats and sharing costs • Enhancing equitable access • Disaster risk reduction

  20. Sustaining Resilient Knowledge-Based Communities SST and coral bleaching needs MPA network resiliency system • The STEWARDS CAN Partnership: Seeing a Sea Change • Understanding and adapting wisely • Pressures, State and Responses • Baseline profiling & vulnerability assessment North Philippine Sea (A-1) Maintaining coastal integrity amidst extreme weather events SLR zoning adjustments LUZON South China Sea (B) Visayan Seas (D) South Philippine Sea (A-2) Managing fisheries in ENSO & La Nina regimes Sulu Sea (C) Celebes Sea (E) Reducing siltation from high precipitation

  21. Protecting 10% of the coral reefs in the Philippines would take 100 years: acceleratethe area covered and improve its effectiveness

  22. MPA Management Effectiveness Assessment Tool (MPA MEAT) Based on Philippine experience on MPAs Evidence-based Use of thresholds, scores, and management focus Scores = amount of effort Levels = important factors towards effective management

  23. Why Form MPA Networks? Existing connectivity among ecosystems at various scales: benefits from natural networks need to be sustained Single MPAs may not be enough for protection at larger scales.

  24. LGU 1 LGU 3 LGU 2 LGU 4 LGU 5 PhP 879.18 PhP 2,217.68 PhP 528.60 PhP 12,780.53 PhP 293.95 LGU 1 LGU 2 LGU 3 LGU 4 LGU 5 PhP 1,095.14 PhP 242.21 PhP 418.84 PhP 6,744.44 PhP 467.64 Sample Benefits Derived from Inter-LGU Collaboration (Cost for CLE operations per square kilometer of municipal waters) Fish Biomass Individual LGUs enforcing their respective municipal waters (effective enforcement up to 5 kilometers) Inter-LGU Coastal Resource Management with joint enforcement (effective enforcement up to 10 kilometers) The Philippine Environmental Governance 2 Project

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