Sectional Difficulties and the Compromise of 1850

1. Good afternoon! • What you will need today: • Unit 1 Major Themes • Any notes from homework • Working with Documents sheet from last class

2. Quiz • One sheet of paper for your group to turn in. • Use your notes, your brain, and your group. • If you don’t know the answers, write them down a your group discusses them. • Identify three parts of the Compromise of 1850. • Why was this compromise such a big deal?

3. Unit Question:Why do we fight? • Guiding Questions for Today: • How & why did the results of the Mexican-American War contribute to sectional difficulties in the US? • Why did the Compromise of 1850 break down so quickly?

4. Putting It All Together • How & why did the results of the Mexican-American War contribute to sectional difficulties in the US? • OMCL • Compare/Contrast • Organizing a response • List of reasons • Explain each • Ranking your reasons

5. The 1850s: Road to Secession

6. Texas & Mexican Cession

7. Slavery Throughout US History • 1787 - Northwest Ordinance • 1789 - U. S. Constitution • 1793 - Fugitive Slave Act • 1820 – Missouri Compromise • 1831-1844 – “Gag Rule” • 1832 – Nullification Crisis • 1836-1845 – Texas • 1846-1848 - Mexican War • 1850

8. Texas & Mexican Cession

9. The Debate in 1850 • What was the debate about? • What were the four big positions or formulas on how to deal with the expansion of slavery? • Why is this a big deal? • Summer work, anyone???? • Create a chart to explain these. Be prepared to share.

10. Compromiseof 1850

11. Compromise of 1850 • CA a Free State • UT & NM Popular Sovereignty • TX Border Settlement • Slave Trade Banned in DC • New Strict Fugitive Slave Law

12. Compromiseof 1850

13. Compromise of 1850 • Who wins? • Is this helping or hurting sectional difficulties? • What problems will this lead to?

14. Fugitive Slave Law & Political Impacts • Read articles. • How & why did the results of the Mexican-American War contribute to sectional difficulties in the US? • Why did the Compromise of 1850 break down so quickly?

15. HarrietBeecherStowe 1811 - 1896 So this is the lady who started the Civil War.-- Abraham Lincoln

16. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 • Sold 300,000 copies in the first year. • 2 million in a decade!

17. Other Effects • Impending Crisis of the South • Personal Liberty Laws • Riots & Fights • Slavery as a “positive good”

18. How can we use any of this in our essay?Essay Prep Sheet

19. 1852 Presidential Election Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil “Doughface”

20. 1852Election Result

21. Expansionists in America - the 1850s Filibustering Expeditions – “All Mexico” Movement

22. Franklin Pierce • Expansion? • Filibustering Expeditions • Ostend Manifesto – Plans for Cuba • William Walker – “Grey-Eyed Man of Destiny”

23. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 Stephen Douglas Popular Sovereignty

24. “Bleeding Kansas” Border “Ruffians”(pro-slavery Missourians)

25. John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?

26. “The Crime Against Kansas” Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC) Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA)

28. Rise of the 3rd Party System • Whigs falling apart… • Why?

29. The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party] • 1849  Secret Order of the Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC. • Nativists. • Anti-Catholics. • Anti-immigrants. • Why didn’t they last?

30. Birth of the Republican Party, 1854 • Northern Whigs. • Northern Democrats. • Free-Soilers. • Know-Nothings. • Opponents of the Kansas- Nebraska Act.

31. 1856 Presidential Election James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Know Nothing

32. Signs of Sectionalism

33. Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857

34. Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857 • Roger Taney • Decision • Effects • Reaction? • North? South? Others? • Douglas? Lincoln?

35. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858 A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

36. A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure, permanently, half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved — I do not expect the house to fall — but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other. Either the opponents of slavery will arrest the further spread of it, and place it where the public mind shall rest in the belief that it is in the course of ultimate extinction; or its advocates will push it forward, till it shall become lawful in all the States, old as well as new — North as well as South.

37. Stephen Douglas & the Freeport Doctrine How to balance Dred Scott with PopularSovereignty?

38. John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859

39. Abraham LincolnRepublican 1860PresidentialElection John BellConstitutional Union John C. BreckinridgeSouthern Democrat Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat

41. Republican Platform 1860 • No extension of slavery • Protective tariff. • Internal improvements at federal expense – Pacific RR central route. • Free homesteads

42. 1860 Election Results

43. Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address • To whom is Lincoln speaking? • What arguments is he making? • What does he say about slavery? • What does he say about secession? • How could we use this to say something about causes of the US Civil War?

44. Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

45. Crittenden Compromise:A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity Senator John J. Crittenden(Know-Nothing-KY)

46. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861