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Unit 1 Introduction to World Cultures

Unit 1 Introduction to World Cultures. “To understand world cultures, it is important to see the connections between people and their environment.”. I. Geography. The study of where people, places, & things are located and how they relate to each other 5 basic themes to understand the

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Unit 1 Introduction to World Cultures

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  1. Unit 1Introduction to World Cultures “To understand world cultures, it is important to see the connections between people and their environment.”

  2. I. Geography • The study of where people, places, & things are located and how they relate to each other • 5 basic themes to understand the link between peopleand the earth… • Movement • Region • Location • Interaction between People and Environment • Place

  3. 1. Movement (of people, goods, & Ideas) • Aka- Migration • Has positives and negatives! • As people move… • Ideas spread • Trade - Exports v. Imports • Creates Interdependence - dependence of countries on goods, resources & knowledge from other parts of the world • If too many people leave an area… can create a “Brain Drain”

  4. 2. Region • Area with its own unifying characteristics (can be physical, cultural, political or economic)

  5. 3. Location • Position on earth’s surface • Relativeor • Absolute • Lines of latitude measure N & S of the Equator • Lines of longitude measure E & W of the Prime Meridian (Greenwich, England)

  6. 4. Interaction Between people & environment • People change the environment (“Progress” but often with “Hidden Costs”) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VcSX4ytEfcE • Or people adapt

  7. 5. Place • Described by physical & humancharacteristics… • Physical characteristics include landforms, climate, soil & animal life • Human characteristics- ex. Activities, transportation, religion & language

  8. How would you describe Pittsburgh as a PLACE?

  9. Adapt People change the environment Progress vs hidden costs Interaction

  10. II. Tools of Geographers…MAPS! • Several different types of maps • Each has “pros” and “cons”

  11. There are special purpose maps that show a variety of information • POLITICAL MAPS

  12. PHYSICAL MAPS • Topography

  13. Vegetation

  14. Natural resources

  15. iii. The Major Landforms • Mountains- vary in elevation, 2000ft+ • Hills- raised land lower than mts. • Plains- large areas of flat or gently rolling land • Plateaus-large areas of high, flat or rolling land • Others… desert, straight, loess, cataract

  16. iv. Climate zones • Climate- average weather a place has over 20-30 yrs. • Effected by latitude and elevation • Can have a major effect on people’s lives. • Ex….

  17. v. Elements of culture Culture-all the things that make up a people’s entire way of life • Many misunderstandings between people around the world because we don’t know enough about each other and our culture. • Some examples: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=haohj1sVnyk • US Military Blunder…COSTLY! http://india.nydailynews.com/newsarticle/503d02aaee412b2f3c000001/pentagon-finds-soldiers-burned-more-than-100-korans • Cultureand a Super Bowl Ring??? http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/video/vladimir-putin-super-bowl-ring-russian-leader-accused-19418335

  18. GOVERNMENT • RELIGION • ECONOMY • EDUCATION • FAMILY

  19. a. Government • Forms of Government • People form governments to provide for their common needs • Types: • Democracy • Republic • Dictatorship • Revolutionary • Totalitarian • Oligarchy • Theocracy • Monarchy • Anarchy • Parliamentary • Presidential

  20. b. Religion • Types of Religions: • Monotheism • Polytheism • Major world religions: • Judaism • Christianity • Islam • Hinduism • Buddhism

  21. c. economics • Economic Systems • Four types: • Traditional: people produce what they need to survive, they produce the same thing in the same ways as generations before • Market: individuals decide what is produced, how it is produced, and who uses the product • Command: government controls the economy… what and how thing are made and who uses them ___________________________________________________ • Mixed: Individuals make some economic decisions, the government makes others

  22. d. education World Languages, CIA World Fact Book - https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2098.html • Through education people learn … • Language – important for communication and passing on traditions and beliefs • Arts & Literature- teach about a culture’s values and promote cultural unity and pride

  23. e. family • Family is the most impt. unit of social org. • Nuclear family- husband, wife, children • Extended family- several generations in one household • Respect for elders for elders is usually strong in extended families • Patrilineal-children belong to father’s side of family • Matrilineal-children belong to mother’s side of family • Bilateral- ? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ • Types of marriages • Monogamy • Polygamy • Polygyny • Polyandry • VIDEO-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4yjrDSvze0

  24. What type of family structure do each of the following represent? • ________________________ • ________________________ • ________________________

  25. Social classes • Another unit of social organization • Ranks people in order of status • What can social class be based on? • Money • Occupation • Education • Race • Etc. • Open Class Systems vs. Closed Class System

  26. Depictions of different Class Systems:

  27. Other Cultural Terms… • Norm-Norms refer to the expectations, or rules of behavior, that develop from our values.  Ex.- eating 3xs/day, going to school, bathing daily, using a phone, using electricity • Folkways- sometimes known as “conventions” or “customs,” are standards of behavior that are socially approved but not morally significant • Mores- norms of morality • Taboos- culture absolutely forbids them

  28. Folkway, More, Taboo?Label the following…

  29. Ways cultures change… • Technology- Inventions • Environment Changes • New Ideas- Social changes • Diffusion:movement of customs and ideas from one place to another (and adaptation)

  30. DIFFUSIONis aN example of what Theme of Geography? movement!!!!

  31. Be careful of… • Ethnocentrism:judging other cultures by the standards of your own • Assuming your own culture to be the best • Stereotyping • Racism:belief that one racial group is naturally superior to another • Race is a cultural thing. It does not actually, physically exist • Frame of Reference

  32. What is the message of this cartoon?

  33. What is the message of this cartoon? Use as many key words from your notes as possible.

  34. How it all started… • First people lived more than 2 mil years ago in Eastern Africa • “Stone Age” • Chipped rocks to shape tools & weapons • Controlled fire • Developed language • Nomads

  35. Agricultural Revolution • About 10,000 yrs. Ago • 2 Major ADVANCES: • Farm • Domesticate animals • Where: • Tigris-Euphrates River in Modern-day Iraq • Southeast Asia? • Results: • Tied to the earth • Permanent communities • Could support more people

  36. First civilizations • All had: • Governments • Religions • Specialized skills and jobs • Social classes • Record keeping

  37. Changing world powers • The Muslim World Expands • 1300–1700 • A group of Turks called Ottomansset up a new empire in what is now modern Turkey. Farther to the east, the Safavidsarose in modern Iran, where rulers embraced a special type of Islam that made them different from their neighbors. Meanwhile, Indiasaw the rise of the Mughal Empire as Muslims created a powerful state there.

  38. African Kingdoms • Mali • Mansa Musa • Timbuktu

  39. China • Mongols- nomads from Central Asia • Set up roads between china and the middle east- Silk Route • Paper, gunpowder

  40. Europe • Much less developed at this time • …but this begins to change. • 1300s-1650s • Adopted foreign technologies • Built on ancient learning • Expands overseas Emergence of Europe

  41. 1700s-1900s • Industrial Revolution • Second Agricultural Revolution • Imperialism • Westernization • Cold War

  42. As the “West” became dominant, less developed countries became dependent on Europe & the U.S. • Scars of IMPERIALISM: • Economicand Politicalinstability

  43. So,DEVELOPMENTmust be the key, right??? • Technological Revolution • Since WWII and even more so since the 70s. So many changes in technology…REVOLUTION! • Like industrial revolution- major effect on lives & societies. • Communication, Transportation & Space • What technological advancements have been made in this arena? • What have the effects of this been? • How is MOVEMENT involved here?

  44. Healthcare • What technological advancements have been made in this arena? • What have the effects of this been? • How is INTERACTION involved here?

  45. Agriculture • What technological advancements have been made in this arena? • What have the effects of this been? • How is INTERACTION involved here?

  46. New Technology supports more people • Is this GOOD? • Or is this BAD?

  47. There are PROBLEMS associated with Development : • Population Explosion • Urbanization • Cultural Change

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