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GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT Chapter 2 of text

GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT (Chapter 2 of text). MonogastricSimple stomach, one compartment, not capable of good utilization of forage (high fiber) dietsPig, human. . GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT (Chapter 2 of text). MonogastricSimple stomach, one compartment, not capable of good utilization of forage (high fiber) dietsPig, human.

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GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT Chapter 2 of text

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    1. GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT (Chapter 2 of text) Function transport food digestion: preparation of food, reduce it to utilizable form absorption: food that has been reduced to molecular form; allows nutrients to pass through membranes to the blood stream passive diffusion active transport

    2. GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT (Chapter 2 of text) Monogastric Simple stomach, one compartment, not capable of good utilization of forage (high fiber) diets Pig, human

    5. GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT (Chapter 2 of text) Monogastric Simple stomach, one compartment, not capable of good utilization of forage (high fiber) diets Pig, human Avian system Crop, proventriculus, gizzard Branched cecum

    7. GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT (Chapter 2 of text) Ruminant Multi-compartment stomach; has compartments for fiber digestion Compartments are: Rumen: large organ for microbial growth Reticulum (honeycomb): microbial growth Omasum (many plies): squeeze the digesta dry and send the large particles back to the reticulo-rumen Abomasum: similar to the simple stomach

    10. GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT (Chapter 2 of text) Ruminant, cont Species Cattle, sheep, goat Deer, elk, moose, antelope, buffalo, ox, water buffalo Reticular groove

    11. GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT (Chapter 2 of text) Cecal fermenters These are really a type of monogastrics which can utilize fiber due to functioning cecum Horse, rabbit, rodents, elephant Copraphragy

    13. Organs of the GIT Mouth Tongue, lips, teeth: essential for grasping and mastication Difference between cattle and sheep: sheep have more agile lips and tongue Large difference in grazing behavior

    14. Organs of the GIT - mouth Teeth are very essential for proper chewing Problems with older animals May regulate the amount of forage an animal is able to consume Ruminants have no upper incisor teeth; bottom incisors must mesh with upper dental pad Distinguish difference between carnivores and herbivores Mastication: act or process of chewing In the ruminant mastication occurs during eating or during regurgitation = mastication

    15. Organs of the GIT - mouth During mastication salia is secreted and mixed with food to form a bolus Serous glands: thin, watery, contains amylase and buffer Mucous glands: thick saliva, aids in food transport, hold bolus together Sheep secrete about 4.2 gallons per day, cattle 50 gallons Amount of secretion is mostly dependant upon chewing; diets requiring more chewing result in more salivation

    16. Organs of the GIT - mouth Saliva functions: Enzymes: ptyalin, which is an amylase, and lipase (not in ruminants) Buffers: maintain proper pH in the rumen lubrication

    17. Organs of the GIT Stomach Functions: Digesta storage Digestion Intrinsic factor: needed for vitamin B-12 absorption Stomach anatomy (Figure 2-4, page 9), regions to secrete: Mucous for protection of the stomach lining against the acid stomach environment; pH of the stomach is about 2! Secretions: intrinsic factor, HCL, pepsinogen - HCL activates pepsinogen to active form of the enzyme - pepsin

    18. Organs of the GIT Sections of the small intestine Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

    19. Organs of the GIT –small intestine Processess of digestion and absorption in the SI Chyme (digesta) from the stomach enter the duodenum and is mixed with intestinal juices to neutralize the acidic stomach contents (pH = 7) Enzymes start to hydrolyze the macromolecules of the food Intestinal enzymes Pancreatic enzyme secretions Bile which is produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder is secreted into the duodenum Emulsifies fat and aid in absorption

    20. Organs of the GIT –small intestine Processess of digestion and absorption in the SI Digesta proceeds to the jejunum: digestion continues and absorption begins as food is broken down into simple molecules Digesta proceeds to the ileum: absorption is completed (very little absorption of nutrients after this site) and some water is re-absorbed Process of absorption

    23. Organs of the GIT Large intestine and cecum = “hind gut” No digestion from mammalian enzymes Microbial growth in the cecum and upper large intestine provide some fiber digestion, some B vitamin Water and electrolyte absorption Digesta storage

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