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Human Heredity: Traits and Genetic Disorders

Explore human heredity through karyotypes, chromosomes, pedigree charts, blood group genes, alleles, and genetic disorders. Understand how genes and the environment influence traits and disorders. Learn about conditions like PKU, Tay-Sachs, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease, and more.

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Human Heredity: Traits and Genetic Disorders

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  1. Human Heredity

  2. Karyotype • Photograph of condensed chromosomes • Pair homologous chromosomes

  3. Chromosomes • Autosomes: non-sex chromosomes • Sex chromosomes: determine gender ½

  4. Pedigree • Chart showing a trait in a family. • Traits: • controlled by >1 gene • environment effects expression

  5. Blood Group Genes • Rh group: + (dominate) – (recessive) • ABO group

  6. Recessive Alleles • Genetic Disorders caused by two non-functional recessive alleles. • PKU: unable to break down phenylalanine. • Tay-Sachs: nervous system break down, and death in first few years.

  7. Dominate Alleles • Genetic disorders caused by one non-functioning dominate allele. • Achondroplasia: dwarfism • Huntington’s Disease: loss of muscle control and mental function.

  8. Cystic Fibrosis • Common with individuals with N. Europe ancestors. • Cells in the person’s airways are unable to transport Cl-. • Airways become clogged with mucus.

  9. Cystic Fibrosis

  10. Codominate Alleles • Sickle Cell Disease: • 1:500 African Americans • bent, twisted, & rigid RBC • clog capillaries • physical weakness, damage to the heart, brain, and spleen • common in countries with malaria

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