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The Optimal Atmospheric CO 2 Concentration For the Growth of Winter Wheat ( Triticum aestivum )

The Optimal Atmospheric CO 2 Concentration For the Growth of Winter Wheat ( Triticum aestivum ). Ming Xu Rutgers University Chinese Academy of Sciences Email: mingxu@crssa.rutgers.edu Agri-2015, July 13-15, Beijing. The Greenhouse Effect. Greenhouse Gasses (Big 3!). Climate Change Impacts.

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The Optimal Atmospheric CO 2 Concentration For the Growth of Winter Wheat ( Triticum aestivum )

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  1. The Optimal Atmospheric CO2 Concentration For the Growth of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Ming Xu Rutgers University Chinese Academy of Sciences Email: mingxu@crssa.rutgers.edu Agri-2015, July 13-15, Beijing

  2. The Greenhouse Effect

  3. Greenhouse Gasses (Big 3!)

  4. Climate Change Impacts

  5. The HUGE climate challenge !!!

  6. CO2 Emissions from Fossil Burning

  7. Projections of Sea Level Rising

  8. Atmospheric CO2 concentration: Past, present and future (Data from CMIP5-RCP8.5) of IPCC-AR5)

  9. CO2 fertilization Effect: Food for Plants Photosynthesis CO2 + H2O (CH2O)n + O2 • Raw material for photosynthesis • Higher CO2 concentration higher reaction rate • Confirmed by experiments and models Respiration

  10. Net Impacts CO2 fertilization effects Climate change impacts

  11. ? ? CO2 Fertilization Effect ? CO2 Concentration (ppm)

  12. CO2 fertilization saturation Effect

  13. CO2 Fertilization Effect Up to 2300 ppm Amthor 2001 890ppm

  14. PVC pipe wrapped with duct tape on dish Plants after germination (1 week) Environmental Growth Chamber Plants After Germination (2 weeks) 8 pots in each chamber

  15. CO2 Controlling System Five growth chambers with CO2 concentration regulated to 400, 600, 800, 1000, and 1200 ppm with CO2 tanks (high purity 99.99%) Growth chamber control loop

  16. Other Environmental Factors • Temperature: 21oC • Humidity: 60-70% • Light intensity: 1000 μmol m-2 s-1PAR, 6am-8pm • Soil type: fritted clay • Water amount: 200 ml/pot, watered every other day • Water type: plain tap water • Fertilization: half-strength Hoagland’s solution once weekly

  17. Plants After Germination (2 Weeks) Nail varnish mold peeled off with tweezers

  18. Slide under Nikon Eclipse 80i Microscope Nail varnish mold is mounted onto clear microslide

  19. Picture in Autodesk Inventor where stomata lengths are traced with Line Tool and dimensioned

  20. Laboratory oven settings and values Thelco Laboratory Oven used to dry plant leaves

  21. Effects of CO2 enrichment on biomass growth of winter wheat Xu 2015, J. Plant Physiology

  22. Diminishing of CO2 fertilization effect with the increase of CO2 concentration

  23. CO2effects on plant height and leaf characteristics of winter wheat

  24. CO2 effects on leaf stomatal density

  25. CO2 effects on adaxial and abaxial stomata length

  26. CO2 Effects on the Spatial Pattern of Stomatal Distribution on Leaf Surfaces

  27. CO2 effects on net leaf photosynthetic rate under growth CO2concentrations

  28. CO2 effects on stomatal conductance measured under growth CO2 concentrations

  29. CO2 effects on the maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax)

  30. CO2 effects on the maximum electron transport rate (Jmax)

  31. CO2 effects on the ratio of Vcmax to Jmax (Vcmax/Jmax)

  32. Conclusions Initial increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration dramatically enhanced winter wheat growth through the CO2 fertilization effect before reaching an optimum of about 900 ppm; Further increase in CO2 concentration beyond this concentration substantially decreased the plant growth; Elevating CO2 concentration not only reduced stomatal density, length and conductance, but also changed the spatial distribution pattern of stomata on leaves, leading to more regular patterns.

  33. Acknowledgements Drs. Bingru Huang and Yali Song Drs. Patrick Burgess and Yunpu Zheng USDA-INFA ISE

  34. THANK YOU ! 谢谢!

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