Chapter 15.3

1. Chapter 15.3 The Protestant Reformation

2. Catholicism in 1400’s Many thought that the church had grown too powerful and worldly, straying to far from the churches spiritual roots and origins. These thoughts began to spread throughout western Europe and eventually led to the Protestant Reformation

3. Catholicism in 1400’s • Dissatisfaction with the Church • Financial corruption, abuse of power, and immorality grew within the church in the 1400’s • Respected weakened for priest and popes • Church taxed the middle class • Pope Leo X needed money for the construction of Saint Peter’s Basilica in Rome. To raise this money he began the sales of indulgences- pardons issued by the pope that people could buy to reduce a soul’s time in purgatory • The sale of indulgences angered the people and they began to became nationalist- loyal to their country or state. They no longer felt loyal to the church

4. Catholicism in 1400’s • Early Reforms • John Wycliffe- 1330 in England thought the church should give up earthly possessions. Church officials removed him for his view • Jan Hus- was a priest who spoke out against the worldliness of the church. In 1412 he was excommunicated and tried for heresy and burned at the stake • These views began the discussion that led to the Protestant Reformation

5. Martin Luther • Ninety-Five Thesis • Luther’s Thesis was written to condemn the Catholic church. • He said indulgences were not effective and only used to finically benefit the church • They were written in academic Latin and met for the church leaders to read and understand. He nailed them to the church door, which at the time served as community bulletin board • His thesis spark discussion with the intellects • It was soon translated in many languages and because of the printing press was able to be copied and sent across Europe. • Desire grew for reform

6. Martin Luther • Luther’s Message • He refuted the belief that God’s grade could be earned by good works, he thought faith alone was needed • In 1519 declared that Jesus Christ was the head of the church not the Pope • He said individuals should interpret the scriptures for themselves not church officials • He translated the bible into German • Which enabled many people to read and understand The Bible

7. Martin Luther • Reactions to Luther • 1520 Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther • He was summoned to appear before the new Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, The German Diet, at the City of Worms to take back his claims. He refused • Charles V made Luther an outlaw and condemned him for his writings • He did not stop, and may believed in what he was teaching by 1530 Lutheranism formed • Charles the V moved to suppress the Luther's with protest. This is how the term Protestant come into being

8. Spread of Protestantism • Ulrich Zwingli • stared the study of theocracy which is a government in which church and state are joined and in which officials are considered as divinely inspired • Martin Luther opposed himor of the catholic church • Battle erupted between Swiss protestant and Catholics in 1531 • John Calvin • After Luther he was the next most influence reformist • He supported the reforms of Luther • Inspired by Augustus • He preached on predestination- says God will know who will become a Christian before they are born • Nothings humans can do to change this • Refutes Free-will • This prostentant sect became know as Calvinism • VERY strict rules • They felt like they were setting an example and making the world fit for the “elect”

9. Protestantism Spreads to England • A King’s Protest • Henry VII became king of England in 1509 at age of 17 • He was a devout Catholic and spoke out against Protestantism • 1525 his wife Catherine of Aragon (her nephew was Charles the V the Holy Roman Emperor) had only had one child a girl • He wanted a male heir because he though ta women heir would weaken England (also he was kind of a hoe and had a mistress, Anne Bolen) • He wanted an annulment from Catherine so he could marry Anne Bolen and have a male heir • The Pope would not annul his marriage

10. Protestantism Spreads to England • The Reformation Parliament • Henry summoned Parliament and they declared they were no longer the popes rule • They decided to make a Protestant Church- The Church of England, the head being Henry himself • He closed the catholic churches in England and gave the land to noblemen • 1533 he married Anne Boylen • She gave birth to a girl, Elizabeth • A year late he required all his subjects to take an oath declaring Henry VIII to be “Supreme Head of the Church of England” making the split from the Catholic Church complete

11. Protestantism Spreads to England • Henry’s Heirs • In the end Henry had six wives he continued to find reason to divorce or kill his wives when they did not give him an heir • His third wife gave him a son, Edward VI. • Edward died before his 16th birthday • Henry’s first daughter, Mary (Catherine’s daughter) returned to England from Spain and changed England back to Catholicism and burned many protestants at the stake, she was known as Bloody Mary • When she died, Henry’s second daughter Elizabeth I became the Queen of England

12. Protestantism Spreads to England • Elizabeth’s Reign • Elizabeth was a devout Protestant and changed England back to Protestantism • Her first act as Queen was to spilt England from Rome again • Once of the most influence and important rulers of England • She persecuted Catholics and firmly established the Church of England • She never married, known as the Virgin Queen, or the White Queen

13. Assignment 1. Compose a poem, song, or rap to explain the Protestant Reformation and Martin Luther 2. Write a haiku about Henry VIII and England’s spilt with the Catholic Church