Civil War Battles: North vs. South

1. SOME BATTLES HAVE TWO NAMES! Union named battles after geographic features. Confederacy named battles after nearest city.

2. Battle of Bull Run (Manassas): July 21, 1861

3. Battle of Bull Run (Manassas): July 21, 1861

4. The Battle of Bull Run (Manassas if you’re a Southerner)

5. Battle of Bull Run (Manassas): July 21, 1861 Significance? • Proved war would not be one-sided • Union leadership changes – Winfield Scott to George McClellan

6. Battle of Shiloh: April 6-8, 1862

7. Battle of Shiloh: April 6-8, 1862

8. Battle of Shiloh

9. Battle of Shiloh: April 6-8, 1862 • Significance? • Could have been huge CSA victory (Grant drunk?) • Secures TN for Union, begins control of West

10. Peninsula Campaign: March-July, 1862

11. Peninsula Campaign: March-July, 1862 Peninsular Campaign What? Plan to speed up the end of the Civil War launching massive effort to seize CSA capital at Richmond. How? Series of 10 battles in 7days (often called Seven Days Campaign).

12. Peninsula Campaign: March-July, 1862 • Significance? • Union all-out effort failed miserably • Lee used knowledge of land to outwit McClellan

13. Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg): Sept 17, 1862

16. The Diplomatic Struggle • The South traded cotton to many European countries for the supplies they needed • From 1861 to 1862, the South used “cotton diplomacy” to get England & France to aid them: • Napoleon III favored the South but wanted England to do so 1st • England chose a hands-off policy

17. Lee realizes the South needs an ally – he believes a major victory in the north (take Harrisburg, PA) will attract an ally. Battle Map - Lee’s plan to invade the North was discovered by a soldier on battlefield (“Special Order 191”) - Union General George McClellan met the Confederacy at Sharpsburg, MD (Antietam Creek) - Single bloodiest day in American History

22. Battle of Antietam

23. After the Battle of Antietam…

24. After the Battle of Antietam, McClellan lets Lee’s tattered force escape into Virginia – he is dismissed. Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation Lee’s force is weak – follow them and end the war! What did the Proclamation really accomplish? NO - - they might have more numbers than we think! You have a case of the “slows” – you’re fired!

25. 1807

26. The Proclamation only frees slaves living in Confederate states. • Turns the focus of the war: it was a war over “states’ rights”, now a war over slavery • Europe, particularly England and France, refused to help the Confederacy. How could they back a war to promote slavery when they had already outlawed it? • Slaves start rebelling in the South – creates further tension

27. Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg): Sept 17, 1862 • Significance? • Lee invasion of North repelled • Bloodiest day in US history • Lincoln keeps foreign allies against South with Proclamation • Change from McClellan to Burnside The origin of the term “sideburns”

28. Battle of Fredericksburg: December 15, 1862

29. Battle of Fredericksburg: December 15, 1862 The Battle of Fredericksburg saw more troops engaged than any other battle of the American Civil War (almost 200,000 men). It also involved the first major opposed river crossing in the nation’s history.

30. Burnside (U) plans to invade the South and capture the capital (Richmond). • Known as the Union’s biggest “folly” • Lee (C) has his men “dug in” behind a stone wall at Marye's Heights, the highest point War Room!

31. The Battle of Fredericksburg

32. Battle of Fredericksburg: December 15, 1862 Significance? • Union embarrassed…again! • Prompts more leadership changes with Union (Burnside to Joe Hooker)

33. Battle of Chancellorsville: May 6, 1863

34. Battle of Chancellorsville: May 6, 1863

35. Battle of Chancellorsville

36. Battle of Chancellorsville: May 6, 1863 Significance? • Lee’s greatest victory (defeats Union force twice his size) • Lee loses “right hand man” (Stonewall Jackson) due to friendly fire