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Six Sigma Measurement

Learn about yield, defects, probability, statistical interpretation, and converting between yield and sigma levels in Six Sigma methodology.

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Six Sigma Measurement

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  1. Six Sigma Measurement

  2. Yield and Defects Probability of Yield Probability of Defects USL LSL Target Value

  3. The Normal Curve s s s s s s m s s s s s s +1 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 s s 68,26 % s s 2 2 95,46 % s s 3 3 99,73 % s s 4 4 99,9937 % s s 5 5 99,999943 % s s 6 6 99,9999998 %

  4. Let “X” be the quality characteristic of interest and (Length/Thickness/Temperature/Pressure etc.) USL = Upper Specification Limit LSL = Lower Specification Limit T = Target Value m = Process Average s = Process Standard Deviation X = Estimate of m s = Estimate of s Statistical Interpretation of Six Sigma

  5. Calculation of Sigma level - When Process is Centered USL - T SIGMA LEVEL (Z) = s OR T - LSL SIGMA LEVEL (Z) = s L Mean = T U

  6. Calculation of Sigma level When Process is Centered Closer To LSL X - LSL SIGMA LEVEL (Z) = s L Mean T U

  7. Calculation of Sigma level When Process is Centered Closer To USL USL - X SIGMA LEVEL (Z) = s L T Mean U

  8. Calculation of Sigma level There is only Upper Specification Limit (USL) USL - X SIGMA LEVEL (Z) = s Mean U

  9. Calculation of Sigma level There is only Lower Specification Limit (LSL) X - LSL SIGMA LEVEL (Z) = s L Mean

  10. The Normal Curve wit Different Sigma Levels S = 2 (SIX SIGMA Quality Level) S = 3 (FOUR SIGMA Quality Level) S = 4 (THREE SIGMA Quality Level) USL = 1322 1298 = LSL USL = 1310

  11. SIGMA (s) QUALITY LEVELS (DPMO) SIGMA LEVEL DPMO 1 6,97,700 2 3,08,537 3 66,807 4 6,201 5 233 6 3.4

  12. Converting Yield to Sigma Level Without Shift

  13. Opportunities for Defect DPMO • MEANS DEFECTS PER MILLION • OPPORTUNITIES • IS TRANSLATED INTO A SIGMA • NUMBER

  14. Defects/Opportunity & Defect/Million Opportunity Number of Defects Formula = # of Units x # of opportunities Example 319 Defects, 1150 Items, 15 defect opportunity 319 defects on joints Formula = 1150 Units x 15 opportunities/joist = 0.018 DPO = 0.018 x 106 = 18,000 DPMO

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