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They Make Us Sick

They Make Us Sick. Diseases. Bacteria. A disease is anything that causes your body to stop working properly Bacteria are microscopic, unicellular (one cell) organisms There are thousands of them Bacteria are an important part of the natural environment They are decomposers

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They Make Us Sick

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  1. They Make Us Sick Diseases

  2. Bacteria • A disease is anything that causes your body to stop working properly • Bacteria are microscopic, unicellular (one cell) organisms • There are thousands of them • Bacteria are an important part of the natural environment • They are decomposers • Bacteria living in the intestines of herbivores help with digestion

  3. Bacterial diseases • Pathogenic bacteria causes hundreds of diseases eg. Whooping cough, meningococcal disease • These are all infectious diseases, they are diseases that can be spread • Some infectious diseases are easier to spread than others • Those that are easiest to spread are described as contagious

  4. Quarantine is used to prevent the spread of disease within a community, between communities and between countries • Bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics • The first successful antibiotic was penicillin • Before the development of antibiotics, you had to depend on your body’s immune system to fight off infection

  5. Does Antibacterial Soap Really work?Prac

  6. The Immune System • Pathogens can enter your body a number of ways eg. Food, water, breathing in, cuts, sexual contact • Your body has three lines of defence. • The first line of defence is to stop pathogens entering the body. Eg. the skin, tears and saliva, nose hairs and mucous lining the trachea

  7. Once the pathogen enters the body tissues, the second line of defence starts: inflammation • White blood cells consume the bacteria, and the dead white blood cells form the yellow pus that collects around the wounds • Third line of defence is the lymphatic system, which contains lymph nodes which has different types of white blood cells , which destroy pathogens

  8. Vaccination • To help out the immune system vaccines are used • Vaccines are chemicals that cause your body to react as if it met a pathogen

  9. A vaccine is created by taking a small amount of poison produced by the bacterium and making it inactive, or by using dead bacteria • The inactive poison and the dead bacteria are harmless, but your immune system responds to the vaccine by making antibodies and you become immune to the pathogen

  10. Viruses • Viruses caused many common illnesses, such as colds and flu, measles, chicken pox and polio • Viruses are smaller than bacteria • Viruses only reproduce in cells they have invaded – host cells

  11. A virus uses the host cell to make thousands of copies of itself • The host cell is destroyed when it bursts open and releases new viruses that spread throughout the body, infecting and destroying other cells

  12. Modelling the transmission of diseasesPrac

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