Sexually Transmitted Infections

1. Sexually Transmitted Infections Biology 3201: Unit 2, Reproduction and Development

2. What are STIs? • Sexually Transmitted Infections • Transmitted mainly through sexual contact • Most caused by viruses or bacteria • Most are curable, some only treatable • Curable: Can be cured with medication • Treatable: NOT curable; but symptoms can be managed with medication

3. What are they?? • The most common (and the ones that you need to know for the purposes of this course) are: • HIV/AIDS • Chlamydia • Hepatitis B • Genital Herpes • Syphilis • Gonorrhea • We will take a closer look at each

4. HIV and AIDS • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome • The virus attaches the immune system • Level of helper T cells in the blood decreases • Makes person more susceptible to a number of different infections • The other infection is what makes you sick and can cause death

5. Transmission of HIV • Sexual contact • Vaginal intercourse • Anal/rectal intercourse • And oral – genital contact • NOT kissing • Sharing of needles among drug users • Blood transfusions • Today most blood is closely screened • Breast feeding

6. AIDS Development • Occurs in 3 stages • STAGE A • Last for roughly a year • No symptoms, but can infect others • Remain healthy • STAGE B • 6 to 8 years • When body cannot replace T- cells

7. A number of symptoms start to occur • Swelling of lymph nodes • Weight loss • Night sweats • Fatigue • Fever • Diarrhea • Infections

8. STAGE C: • This stage is considered fully developed AIDS • Suffers nervous disorders • Pneumonia • Skin cancer • If not appropriate, aggressive treatment, death within 7 to 9 years

9. Chlamydia • Caused by a bacteria called Chlamydia trachomatis • In 2001 there were 49000 cases reported in Canada • Rising dramatically , 2009 there were 89000 cases • Most common in people between age 15 and 24 • Affects both male an females and can cause serious permanent damage • Transmitted through sexual intercourse • Vaginal, anal, or oral • Do not have to ejaculate

10. Symptoms • Known as “silent” infection • Asymptomatic • If symptoms, may be weeks or months after transmission • In Women • Abnormal vaginal discharge • Burning sensation during urination • If not treated, travels up uterus and oviducts and cause PID • Pelvic inflammitory disease • Severe pelvic and abdominal pain • Leads to infertility

11. In Men: • Discharge from penis • Burning sensation when urinating • Pain and swelling in both testicles • May also affect anus and throat • In anus can cause: • Rectal pain • Discharge • bleeding

13. Treatment • Up to 75% of all chlamydia cases are not detected by the individual unit irreversible damage is done • If not treated in females: • Ulcers on the cervix • Increased risk of aids • PID • Blocked oviducts • Ectopic prenancy • infertility

14. In Males • Blocked/damaged vas deferens • Effective, easy tests to hlep diagnose early • Successfully with antibiotics • No perminant effects • NEW CONCERNS

15. Hepatitis B • An infection that causes by a virus • Other types of Hepatitis viruses, only B related to reproductive system • Spread through sexual contact, blood transfusions, and exchange of body fluids • Causes liver inflamation, vomiting, jaundice, and even death • Liver cirrhosis and cancer • NO CURE

16. Symptoms • Overall poor health • Loss of apetit • Nasuea • Vomiting • Body aches • Fever • Dark urine • May be entirely asymptomatic

17. Infection tends to have periods of liver inflamation and jaundice and periods of no symptoms • Vaccines for all 3 strains of hepatitis are available

19. Genital Herpes • Viral infection. Two types: • Herpes Simplex 1 (HSV1) • Herpes Simplex 2 (HSV2) • HSV 1 • Causes cold sores and fever blisters around the mouth • HSV2 • Genital herpes and is acquired through sexual contact

20. Symptoms • Tingling or ithcing • Blisters on gentials, buttocks, thighs, or internal tissues that rupture • Flu like symptoms • Outbreaks triggered by fever, stress, sunlight, intercourse or foods

22. Syphilis • Caused by a bacteria called Treponemapallidum • Infection occurs in 3 stages: • Stage 1 • Ulcerated sores with hard edges appearing at the site • Stage 2 • Rash appears • Could be anywhere on skin • Usually on palms of hands and soles of feet • Stage 3 • Affects cardiovascular and nervous system

23. Stage 3 symptoms can include: • Mental illness • Blindness • A shuffled walk • Heart disease • Large ulcers called Gummas on the skin or internal organs • Can be cured with antibiotics

26. Gonorrhea • Caused by bacteria called Neiserria gonorrhoea • Can cause infection of the urethra, cervix, rectom and throat • Symptoms • Pain during urination • Greenish yellow discharge from urethra • Blocked oviducts • Infections of joints, heart valves and brain • Same in males and females • Treatable with antibiotics

28. Prevention • Save sex • Education • Abstinence • Limit number of sexual partner • Think of it this way....... If you have sex with them you are having sex with everyone bodily fluids that they had sex with • Only 100% safe method is abstinence

29. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RrzuqhlqMvk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RVOSTP8FaeU