Chapter 5 Toward Independence

1. Chapter 5Toward Independence

2. Patriots • also called Whigs or Rebels • believed colonies had right to rule themselves

3. Loyalists • also called Tories • Americans who were loyal to England

4. allies • nations that help each other

5. Conflict in Ohio (before 1763) • 13 colonies crowded • colonists wanted to move West • wanted farm land in Ohio • France & England claimed Ohio • French built a fort there • VA sent British militia to drive out French

6. French & Indian War 1754-1763 • France & England fought over land in North America • Indians helped the French (trade partners) • American colonists helped England • England won - got Canada - got land from Atlantic to Mississippi

7. King George III 1760 - 1801 • King of England • he & his advisers not bright • made decisions that angered colonists

8. The Proclamation of 1763 • announcement by King to prevent conflict with Indians • settlers stay east of Appalachian Mts. • Indians stay west of Appalachian Mts. • Americans angry • settlers went west anyway • Britain sent 7500 soldiers to protect settlers

9. Stamp Act 1765 • England had large war debt • England needed money • law required colonists to buy a stamp for paper used • colonists protested • against “taxation without representation” • some refused to buy stamps • others attacked tax collectors • later repealed

10. Quartering Act1765 • colonists must house British soldiers • give them food, supplies, bedding • colonists protested • tempers rose in America and England

11. Townshend Acts1767 • Britain needed money to pay for troops in America • law placed a duty (tax) on imports • included glass, paint, paper, tea • colonists said it was “taxation without representation” • colonists boycotted English goods • Parliament repealed all but tax on tea

12. Boston Massacre1770 • a mob gathered • throw rocks, ice balls at British soldiers • insulted the soldiers • someone knocked down a soldier • soldiers fired in self defense • 5 Americans were killed • 8 soldiers put on trial • 6 found not guilty • 2 guilty of manslaughter

13. Boston Tea Party1773 • Tea Act required Americans to buy tea from British East India Co. • another tax without representation • Sons of Liberty protested • 50 men dressed as Indians • dumped 90,000 pounds of tea into sea

14. Intolerable Acts1774 • King wanted control over colonies • Parliament passed laws to punish MA for Tea Party • 4 laws: • closed Boston Harbor • MA government under British control • British soldiers tried in England • more troops to enforce laws

15. First Continental Congress1774 • meeting in Philadelphia • 50 leaders from 12 colonies • were Patriots, Loyalists, and in-betweens • sent peace message to king • called for new boycott of British goods • some Patriots began to organize militias of minutemen

16. Lexington & Concord1775 • 700 British soldiers marched to Concord, MA • wanted to find hidden weapons • colonists were warned • Minutemen of Lexington were ready • a shot was fired • all began shooting • 8 colonists died • no weapons found in Concord • Minutemen shot at soldiers returning to Boston • 74 British, 49 Patriots died • war began