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Control of the Internal Environment

Chapter 2. Control of the Internal Environment. Homeostasis: Dynamic Constancy. Homeostasis Maintenance of a constant or unchanging “normal” internal environment Few / mild demands so few responses. Homeostasis: Dynamic Constancy. Steady state

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Control of the Internal Environment

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  1. Chapter 2 Control of the Internal Environment

  2. Homeostasis: Dynamic Constancy • Homeostasis • Maintenance of a constant or unchanging “normal” internal environment • Few / mild demands so few responses

  3. Homeostasis: Dynamic Constancy • Steady state • Constant internal environment, but not necessarily “normal” • Balance achieved between demands placed on body and the response to those demands

  4. Some Examples:

  5. Changes in Blood Pressure at Rest

  6. Changes in Body Core Temperature During Exercise

  7. What controls the system?

  8. Biological Control Systems • Series of interconnected components that serve to maintain a physical or chemical parameter near normal • Receptor • Capable of detecting changes • Integrating center • Assesses input and initiates response • Effector • Corrects changes to internal environment

  9. Nature of Control Systems • Most control systems act via negative feedback • Response reverses the initial disturbance in homeostasis

  10. Components of a Biological Control System

  11. Regulation of Room Temperature: a Non-Biological Control System

  12. Example of Homeostatic Control:Regulation of Blood Pressure • Stimulus • Increased blood pressure from HR • Receptors • Baroreceptors in carotid arteries and aorta • Integrating center • Medulla of the brain • Effector • Heart • Response • Decreased blood pumped from heart

  13. Example of Homeostatic Control:Regulation of Blood Pressure

  14. Example of Homeostatic Control:Regulation of Blood Glucose

  15. Nature of Control Systems • Gain of the system • Degree to which the control system maintains homeostasis • System with large gain is more capable of maintaining homeostasis • Large gain = narrow limits • Small gain = wide limits

  16. Example of Homeostatic Control:Regulation of Blood Glucose

  17. Questions?

  18. END

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