Greek Revival

1. Greek Revival • The Greek Revival dominated American architecture during the period 1818-1850. It was the first truly national style in the United States, found in all regions of the country. The popularity of the style was due to strong associations with classical tradition and democracy. The Greek Revival was very adaptable, and permeated all levels of building, from high to low.

2. Custom House (later sub-treasury building) New York City, 1832-44 Ithiel Town & A.J. Davis & James Frazee, architects PUBLIC BUILDINGS (GOVERMENT) Postcard from 1837 Present Day Details of Greek Revival

3. Quincy Market Boston 1825-6 Alexander Parris Architect Present Day COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS (MARKETS) Post Cards From 1830

4. Residential Homes Sears House, Boston, MA. 1818 Alexander Parris, architect Russell House (now part of Wesleyan University), Middletown, CT. 1828-30 Ithiel Town & A.J. Davis, architects Gannett House Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. 1838.

5. ITALIANATESTYLE OF ARCHITECTURE

6. ITALIANATE STYLE • Italianate is a term used to denote an American architectural style from the mid-nineteenth century which came about as part of a larger Romantic movement in the arts. These buildings are commonly recognized by their tall, narrow windows and their low-pitched roofs with overhanging eaves. • Italianate buildings in America were not built by or for Italian families. Actually, there were few Italian people in the U.S. at this time, but the idea of rural Italy was romanticized by Americans and by America's early European-educated architects.

7. ITALIANATE ERA IN THE U.S. • The Italianate style began in England as part of the Picturesque movement. • The first Italianate houses in the United States were built in the late 1830s. • The Italianate style dominated American houses constructed between 1850 and 1880. It was particularly common in the expanding towns and cities of the Midwest as well as in many older but still growing cities of the northeastern seaboard.

8. IDENTIFYING FEATURES • Two or three stories (rarely one story) • Low-pitched roof • Widely overhanging eaves having decorative brackets beneath, singly or in pairs • Single-story entry porches with supporting square post • Front doors single or paired • Doors rectangular, arched, or segmentally-arched • Elaborate enframements above doors similar to those over windows

9. IDENTIFYING FEATURES CONT. • Paired and triple windows • Tall, narrow windows • Windows with traditional rectangular top • Windows arched (segmentally-arched) or curved above in U shape • Window sashes most commonly with one- or two-pane glazing • Window enframements often with brackets or pediment crowns • Square cupola or tower (usually villa style)

10. Italianate Architecture - Examples Cupola, decorative eaves Commercial building with narrow windows and decorative eaves Brackets, columns on porch, shallow slope, tall narrow windows

11. PICTURES OF FEATURES

12. Modern Architectural Style CEA Craig Rodgers

13. What is modernism? Modern architecture (1950 - present) often combines earlier styles with new trends, as the colors and columns of the Thomson Electronics building demonstrates in the picture below. The roots of Modernism may be found in the work of Berthold Luberkin (1901-1990), a Russian architect who settled in London and founded a group called Tecton. The Tecton architects believed in applying scientific, analytical methods to design.

14. Modern Architecture Major Influences Frank Lloyd Wright I. M. Pei Frank Lloyd Wright was one of the pioneers of the Modern Movement. He believed that the function of a building should dictate its form, and also laid great stress on the integrity of the materials used. I.M. Pei tends to use large, abstract forms and sharp, geometric designs. His glass clad structures seem to spring from the high tech modernist movement. However, Pei is more concerned with function than theory. Walter Gropius Mies van der Rohe Walter Gropius was a German architect and art educator who founded the Bauhaus, which became a dominant force in architecture and the applied arts in the 20th century. His main theory was that all design should be functional as well as aesthetically-pleasing.  Mies van der Rohe was not the first architect to practice simplicity in design, but he carried the ideals of rationalism and minimalism to new levels. He believed that architects must completely understand their materials before they can design.

15. Resources http://architecture.about.com/cs/20thcentury/index.htm http://www.google.com http://www.architecture.com/go/Architecture/Home.html

16. A style sometimes called postmodern Most commonly used during 1980s, 1990s and currently It’s soda shop mentality applied to home design. Start with plain vanilla then flavour it with any of a half-dozen or so different “looks.” -Jim Lane Neo-Eclectic Architectureby Ethan Laubach

17. Combines a variety of historic styles High pitched roofs, sometimes with fake dormers Open floor plans Vaulted and high ceilings Multi-stories Hardly designed for individual clients anymore Distinctive Features

19. Other thoughts about Neo-Eclectic Style • Appears to have been initiated by builders of modest homes sensing the public’s desire for traditional designs. Some critics view this style as being very loosely based on traditional architectural shapes and detailing. • During the late 1960s, a rebellion against modernism and a longing for more traditional styles influenced the design of modest tract housing in North America. • Critics use the term McMansion to describe a neo-eclectic home that is oversized and pretentious. The name McMansion implies that these homesare hastily assembled using cheaply-made materials and a menu of mix-and-match decorative details.

20. Resources www.uwec.edu/geography/Ivogeler/w367/styles/http:/ www.humanitiesweb.org/cgi-bin/human.cgi?s=g&p=m&a=d&ID=35s31.htm http://architecture.about.com/library/bl-neoeclectic.htm http://www.arkansaspreservation.org/history/Architectural_Style_Guide.pdf www.greatbuildings.com

21. French Normandy M. Leslie Snyder Eaves

22. History • Style founded in medieval Normandy France • Barnes or Castles • Revival Style • American style revived in the 1900’s-1930’s

23. Various Aspects of the Style • Central Turret • Originally used for grain • Now houses a central Staircase Massive Chimneys Steep Complicated Roofs • Exterior Finish • Reddish brick • Cutstone • stucco Usually 2 or more stories

24. Southern Colonial Lasting from approximately 1600-1700SouthernColonial house plans are typically two to three story home designs with symmetrical facades and gable roofs. Colonial architecture started when colonists from Spain, France, England, Holland, and other places flocked into America during the 16TH and 17TH centuries. The colonists first made simple structures to live in. These structures were versions of the colonists’ architectural traditions from their homelands adapted to fit the American environment and even more elegant structures.

25. Additional Info Southern Colonial • brick or timber-framed structure • simple "saltbox form" with steeply pitched gable roof • narrow plan, often only one room deep • patterned brick masonry • massive chimneys at each end of house No: W4141DB Living Area: 3235 sq. ft.

26. Typical Southern Colonial Floor Plan Plan W7409RD: Style and Luxury

27. Sources • http://www.architecturaldesigns.com/colonial-house-plans.asp • http://www.loggia.com/designarts/architecture/styles/american/earlycolonial.html • http://www.houseplanguys.com/southern-colonial-house-plans.php • http://www.youthsource.ab.ca/teacher_resources/built_styles.html By: Nick Desantis

28. Diana Wiant CEA – 7/22/04 Spanish Architecture

29. Spanish Architecture In ancient times, Spanish architecture was heavily influenced by the Moors ( the Romans and Goths

30. Taking the best, the beautiful from other cultures, they created their own styles: Caliphal (Christians in Muslim lands) Mudejar (Roman and Goth) Plateresque (Baroque and “plata” – silver, rich)

31. Modernism • Casa Mila • (1906-1910) The curved levels were intended to reflect the dunes of the desert. At the time many people believed it was too futurist – today it is considered a landmark in modern architecture. Today Spain invokes many innovative designs as well as preserving the architecture of her rich heritage.

32. Photos are and information from http://www.red2000.com/spain/primer/arch.html http://www.1st-4-spanish-property.com/architecture/gothic.html http://www.towersoft.com.au/staff/rory/spain.htm

33. A Victorian home was a statement about the families taste, wealth, and education. People of the Victorian era were very status conscious. The Victorian home was the focal point for status and fashion. The Victorian era dates from about 1840 to 1900. “Victorian” is not really an architectural style, but more a period in history Victorian Architecture includes a variety of styles, each with its own unique features. Victorian Architecture

34. Gothic Revival ArchitectureVictorian Gothic and High Gothic buildings feature arches, pointed windows and other details borrowed from medieval cathedrals. Victorian Italianate ArchitectureRebelling against formal, classical architecture, Italianate became the one of the most popular styles in the United States. With low roofs, wide eaves, and ornamental brackets, Italianate is sometimes called the bracketed style Second Empire or Mansard StyleCharacterized by their boxy mansard roofs, these buildings were inspired by the architecture in Paris during the reign of Napoleon III. Victorian Stick & Eastlake ArchitectureTrusses and stick work suggest medieval building techniques on these relatively plain Victorian buildings. Folk VictorianJust plain folk could afford these no-fuss homes, using trim work made possible by mass production. Shingle Style ArchitectureOften built in costal areas, these shingle-sided homes are rambling and austere. But, the simplicity of the style is deceptive. The Shingle Style was adopted by the wealthy for grand estates. Victorian Romanesque ArchitectureDesigner Henry Hobson Richardson is often credited with popularizing these romantic buildings. Constructed of stone, they resemble small castles. Romanesque was used more often for large public buildings, but some private homes were also build in the imposing Romanesque style. Victorian Queen Anne ArchitectureQueen Anne is the most elaborate of the Victorian styles. Buildings are ornamented with towers, turrets, wrap around porches, and other fanciful details. From Jackie Craven,Your Guide to Architecture http://architecture.about.com/cs/timeline/a/victorianstyles.htm

35. Gothic Revival Architecture Victorian Italianate Architecture Second Empire or Mansard Style Shingle Style Architecture Victorian Stick & Eastlake Architecture Folk Victorian Victorian Queen Anne Architecture Victorian Romanesque Architecture Images from “Victorian Houses” http://users.rcn.com/scndempr/dave/school.html

36. Architectural Styles Arts and Crafts Brian Alverson CEA

37. Arts and Crafts - Elements • The Arts and Crafts Style is characterized by: • Large often ornate chimney structures • Earthy building materials • Exposed roof beams and rafters • Complex roof lines, often including dormers • Stone exterior chimneys

38. Arts and Crafts - History • The Arts and Crafts style originated in Britain in the mid-1800’s. It combines the detail and style of “art” with the rustic homeliness of “crafts.” It was popular in Britain from 1861 – 1914 and was primarily for the middle-class. Soon after, the style became popular in America.

39. Arts and Crafts - Examples

40. Bibliography • http://www.uwec.edu/geography/Ivogeler/w367/styles/styles.htm • http://www.cupola.com/html/bldgstru/artscrft/slide/sherm01e.htm • www.GreatBuildings.com

41. Contemporary Style A description of an architectural theme. Don Luebbecke Art Resource, NY/Gian Berto Vanni

42. Contemporary Style • Contemporary is not a an established style. • Contemporary is more of a vehicle for the interpretation of various movements within the continuum of Modern architectural styles. Brick Leaf HouseHampstead London Princeton University October 2003

43. “Contemporary styles” are generally based upon architectural designs which embrace a broader artistic theme within the modern movement. • The most identifiable examples of contemporary architecture are the works of the students and staff of the Bauhaus beginning in the 1920’s. • The Bauhaus brought together artists, architects, designers and performing artists. The designs and products resulting from this experience were influenced by the efforts of contemporaries in the allied arts. .

44. A common interpretation of Contemporary architecture are the California contemporary residential designs. These designs are not a formal style but are a distinctive theme of simple, clean adaptations of traditional utilitarian structures using modern materials. Topsider Holmes Inc.