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Lipids: The Essential Energy and Storage Molecules

Explore the world of lipids, including fats, oils, phospholipids, and steroids. Learn about their structures, functions, and importance in energy storage, cell membranes, and overall health. Discover the differences between saturated and unsaturated fats and the role of lipids in cellular evolution.

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Lipids: The Essential Energy and Storage Molecules

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  1. Lipids: Fats & Oils

  2. Lipids energy storage

  3. Lipids • Lipids are composed of C, H, O • long hydrocarbon chain • Diverse group • fats • phospholipids • steroids • Do not form polymers • big molecules made of smaller subunits • not a continuing chain fat

  4. enzyme Fat subunits • Structure: • glycerol (3C alcohol) +fatty acid • fatty acid = long HC “tail” with COOH group at “head” dehydration synthesis

  5. Building Fats • Triacylglycerol • 3 fatty acids linked to glycerol • ester linkage = between OH & COOH

  6. enzyme enzyme enzyme Dehydration synthesis dehydration synthesis

  7. Why do humanslike fatty foods? Fats store energy • Long HC chain • polar or non-polar? • hydrophilic or hydrophobic? • Function: • energy storage • very rich • 2x carbohydrates • cushion organs • insulates body • think whale blubber!

  8. Saturated fats • All C bonded to H • No C=C double bonds • long, straight chain • most animal fats • solid at room temp. • contributes to cardiovascular disease (atherosclerosis) = plaque deposits

  9. Unsaturated fats • C=C double bonds in the fatty acids • plant & fish fats • vegetable oils • liquid at room temperature • the kinks made by doublebonded C prevent the molecules from packing tightly together mono-unsaturated? poly-unsaturated?

  10. Saturated vs. unsaturated saturated unsaturated 

  11. Triglyceride Animations • Structure of Triglycerides Animation • Triglycerides in the Body Animation

  12. Phospholipids • Structure: • glycerol + 2 fatty acids + PO4 • PO4 negatively charged It’s just like apenguin… A head at one end & a tail at the other!

  13. Phospholipids in water • Hydrophilic heads attracted to H2O • Hydrophobic tails “hide” from H2O • can self-assemble into “bubbles” • bubble = “micelle” • can also form bilayer • early evolutionary stage of cell? bilayer

  14. Why is this important? • Phospholipids create a barrier in water • define outside vs. inside • cell membranes

  15. Phospholipids & cells • Phospholipids of cell membrane • double layer = bilayer • hydrophilic heads on outside • in contact with aqueous solution outside of cell and inside of cell • hydrophobic tails on inside • form core • forms barrier between cell & external environment Tell themabout soap!

  16. Steroids • ex: cholesterol, sex hormones • 4 fused C rings • different steroids created by attachingdifferentfunctional groups to rings cholesterol

  17. Cholesterol • Important cell component • animal cell membranes • precursor of all other steroids • including vertebrate sex hormones • high levels in blood may contribute to cardiovascular disease

  18. Cholesterol helps keep cell membranes fluid & flexible Important component of cell membrane

  19. From Cholesterol  Sex Hormones • What a big difference a few atoms can make!

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