Exploring Advanced Vocabulary: Insights into Complex Words and Their Meanings

1. Vocabulary Level F Unit 8

2. acrimonious • Adj. – stinging, bitter in temper or tone • Syn. – biting, caustic, rancorous, hostile • Ant. – gentle, warm, mild, friendly

3. bovine • Adj. – resembling a cow or ox; sluggish, unresponsive • Syn. – stolid, dull, slow, stupid • Ant. – alert, sharp, bright, keen, quick

4. consternation • N. – dismay, confusion • Syn. – shock, amazement, bewilderment, dismay • Ant. – calm, composure, aplomb • “The hiker looked at the path with consternation, hardly knowing which way to go first.

5. corpulent • Adj.- fat; having a large, bulky body • Syn. – overweight, heavy, obese, stout • Ant. – slender, lean, spare, gaunt

6. disavow • V. – to deny responsibility for or connection with • Syn. – disown, disclaim, retract, abjure • Ant. – acknowledge, admit, grant, certify • “The suspect stubbornly continued to disavow any part in the kidnapping plot.

7. dispassionate • Adj. – impartial; calm, free from emotion • Syn. – unbiased, disinterested, cool • Ant. – committed, engaged, partial, biased

8. dissension • N. – disagreement, sharp difference of opinion • Syn. – strife, discord, contention • Ant.- agreement, accord, harmony

9. dissipate • V. – to cause to disappear; to scatter, dispel • Syn. – disperse, strew, diffuse, waste • Ant. – gather, collect, conserve • “As chairman he is fair and open, but he dissipates his energies on trivial things.”

10. expurgate • V. – to remove objectionable passages or words from a written text; to cleanse, purify • Syn. – purge, censor, bowdlerize

11. gauntlet • N. – an armored or protective glove; a challenge; two lines of men armed with weapons with which to beat a person forced to run between them; an ordeal • Syn. – dare, provocation, trial, punishment

12. hypothetical • Adj.- based on an assumption or guess; used as a provisional or tentative idea to guide or direct investigation • Syn. – assumed, supposed, conjectural • Ant. – actual, real, tested, substantiated

13. ignoble • Adj. – mean, low, base • Syn. – inferior, unworthy, dishonorable, sordid • Ant. – admirable, praiseworthy, lofty, noble

14. impugn • V. – to call into question; to attack as false • Syn. – challenge, deny, dispute, query • Ant. – confirm prove, verify, validate • “You can impugn the senator’s facts, but you cannot accuse her of concealing her intentions.”

15. intemperate • Adj. – immoderate, lacking in self-control • Syn. – excessive, extreme, unrestrained • Ant. – moderate, restrained, cool and collected • “Experience taught her to control her intemperate outbursts of anger.”

16. odium • N. – hatred, contempt; disgrace or infamy resulting from hateful conduct • Syn. – abhorrence, opprobrium, shame • Ant. – esteem, admiration, approbation

17. perfidy • N. – faithlessness, treachery • Syn. – betrayal, disloyalty, treason • Ant. – faithfulness, loyalty, steadfastness

18. relegate • V. – to place in a lower position; to assign, refer, turn over, to banish • Syn. – transfer, consign, demote, exile • Ant. – promote, elevate, advance, recall

19. squeamish • Adj. – inclined to nausea; easily shocked or upset; excessively fastidious or refined • Syn. – nauseated, queasy, delicate

20. subservient • Adj. – subordinate in capacity or role; submissively obedient; serving to promote some end • Syn. – secondary, servile, obsequious • Ant. – primary, principal, bossy

21. susceptible • Adj. – open to; easily influenced; lacking in resistance • Syn. – vulnerable, receptive, impressionable • Ant. – resistant, immune