Introduction To OB

1. Introduction To OB Part-time- Semester – I Topics: Origin, Nature and Scope of OB OB’s relevance to Organizational Effectiveness Contemporary Issues - Prof. Channpreet. Kaur. Bhatia

2. Concept of OB Definition of OB Itis the systematic study and careful application of knowledge about how people as individuals and group act within Organization (also environment) Therefore there are 3 Features: a) Study of human behavior b) Human behavior in organizations c) Knowledge of how human behavior to improve organization effectiveness

3. Origin of OB • Behavioral Approach: Attention to workers needs, creates greater satisfaction & productivity • Classical Approach: Scientific & Administrative Management • Hawthorne Studies: Illumination Studies, Link among managerial practices, morale & productivity, human as centre • Contingency Approach: No one best way to manage people • System Approach: Inputs – Transformation – Output • Interactionalism: Behaviour due to situations

4. Origin of OB Interdisciplinary • Psychology: Seeks to measure, explain and sometimes change behavior of humans & animals • Social Psychology: People’s influence on one and another • Sociology: Studies people in relation to environment/culture • Anthropology: Study of societies to learn about human beings & their activities • Political Science: Study of behavior of individuals & groups in political environment • (Engineering and Medicine)

5. Nature Of OB a) What are organizations? b) Who form organizations? c) Why do organizations exist : 5 reasons i) Specialization and division of labor ii) Use Technology iii) External Environment iv) Economize on Transaction costs v) To exert power and control

6. Nature Of OB d) Organizational Effectiveness and Efficiency • Difference between Organizational behavior and Organizational effectiveness: • Organizational Behavior (OB) is the study and application of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations. It does this by taking a system approach. • Organizational effectiveness is the concept of how effective an organization is in achieving the outcomes the organization intends to produce. • Primary and Secondary Stakeholders

7. Nature Of OB • The idea of organizational effectiveness is especially important for non-profit organizations as most people who donate money to non-profit organizations and charities • An organization's effectiveness is also dependent on its communicative competence and ethics • Organizational Effectiveness and Efficiency: Smaller organizations should exhibit more organizational efficiency due to less bureaucratic management. • "Organizational effectiveness is about each individual doing everything they know how to do and doing it well"

8. Nature of OB • It has assumed the status of a distinct field of study. It is a part of general management. • The study of theories and research experiences of organization facilitates manager for creative thinking to solve human problems in organizations. It is also applied field • This discipline is heavily influenced by several other behavioral sciences and social sciences like psychology, sociology and anthropology

9. Nature of OB • O.B. has psychological foundations, (learning, perception, attitude, motivation etc) • Organization behavior is both art and science • Organization behavior is dynamic rather than static • It provides rational thinking about people. (3 levels)

10. Foundations of OB

11. Scope of OB • Studies 3 Levels & Relationship to Other Fields Organizational Systems Level Group Level Individual Level

12. Scope of OB • Roadmap to our lives in organizations • Use of scientific research to understand organizational life • Influence organizational events (communicate to others) • More understanding of self and others • Help Managers motivate • Maintaining cordial industrial relations • Field of Marketing • Career in Management • Economic Growth – HR Management

13. Scope of OB • Intrapersonal behavior: Personality, attitude, perception and learning. • Interpersonal Behavior: Group Dynamics, team dynamics and intergroup conflict. • Organizations: Formation, effectiveness, structures formal and informal organizations. They are not mutually exclusive, are complementary, effort of OB is to integrate all

14. Towards OB Model

15. Contemporary Issues of OB • Responding to Globalization • Increased Foreign Assignments • Working with people from different cultures • Coping with Anticapitalism backlash • Overseeing Movement of jobs to countries with low cost labor • Managing people during War

16. Contemporary Issues of OB • Managing Workforce Diversity • Categories of Workforce diversity – Surface Level and Deep Level Diversity

17. Contemporary Issues of OB • Embracing workforce diversity • Changing demographics

18. Contemporary Issues of OB • Improving Quality & Productivity • Improving Customer Service • Improving People Skills • Stimulating Innovation & Change • Coping with temporariness • Working in networked organizations • Work-Life Balance Conflicts • Creating positive work environment • Improving Ethical behavior • Deviant workplace behavior and OCB

19. Activity Case Studies

20. References • Organizational Behaviour – K Ashwathappa • Organizational Behaviour – Stephen Robins

21. Thank You